Mechanical Properties and Remodeling of Hybrid Cardiac Constructs Made from Heart Cells, Fibrin, and Biodegradable, Elastomeric Knitted Fabric

Boublik, Jan; Park, Hyoungshin; Radišić, Milica; Tognana, Enrico; Chen, Fen; Pei, Ming; Vunjak-Novakovic, Gordana; Freed, Lisa E.

doi:10.1089/ten.2005.11.1122

Cited by 117 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…4). The breaking strain was comparable to that of the rat heart (about 75%) and the tensile strength was close to or higher than that of the rat heart (approximately 40 kPa) (41). The general similarities in these tensile properties to that of the rat heart would be attractive in cardiac wall tissue engineering.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Elastase-Sensitive Elastomeric Scaffolds with Variable Anisotropy for Soft Tissue Engineering

2008

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Purpose-To develop elastase-sensitive polyurethane scaffolds that would be applicable to the engineering of mechanically active soft tissues.Methods-A polyurethane containing an elastase-sensitive peptide sequence was processed into scaffolds by thermally induced phase separation. Processing conditions were manipulated to alter scaffold properties and anisotropy. The scaffold's mechanical properties, degradation, and cytocompatibility using muscle-derived stem cells were characterized. Scaffold in vivo degradation was evaluated by subcutaneous implantation.Results-When heat transfer was multidirectional, scaffolds had randomly oriented pores. Imposition of a heat transfer gradient resulted in oriented pores. Both scaffolds were flexible and relatively strong with mechanical properties dependent upon fabrication conditions such as solvent type, polymer concentration and quenching temperature. Oriented scaffolds exhibited anisotropic mechanical properties with greater tensile strength in the orientation direction. These scaffolds also supported muscle-derived stem cell growth more effectively than random scaffolds. The scaffolds expressed over 40% weight loss after 56 days in elastase containing buffer. Elastasesensitive scaffolds were complete degraded after 8 weeks subcutaneous implantation in rats, markedly faster than similar polyurethanes that did not contain the peptide sequence.Conclusion-The elastase-sensitive polyurethane scaffolds showed promise for application in soft tissue engineering where controlling scaffold mechanical properties and pore architecture are desirable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Elastase-Sensitive Elastomeric Scaffolds with Variable Anisotropy for Soft Tissue Engineering

2008

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“…The breaking strain was comparable to that of the rat heart (approximately 75%) while the tensile strength was six-fold higher than the rat heart (approximately 0.04 MPa). [45] The difference in mechanical properties for the tubular and cylindrical scaffolds can be attributed to differences in the surface structure. The tubular scaffolds had outer and inner surfaces with small pores (Figure 1c).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable elastomeric scaffolds with basic fibroblast growth factor release

Guan

Stankus

Wagner

2007

Journal of Controlled Release

149

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Scaffolds that better approximate the mechanical properties of cardiovascular and other soft tissues might provide a more appropriate mechanical environment for tissue development or healing in vivo. An ability to induce local angiogenesis by controlled release of an angiogenic factor, such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), from a biodegradable scaffold with mechanical properties more closely approximating soft tissue could find application in a variety of settings. Toward this end biodegradable poly(ester urethane)urea (PEUU) scaffolds loaded with bFGF were fabricated by thermally induced phase separation. Scaffold morphology, mechanical properties, release kinetics, hydrolytic degradation and bioactivity of the released bFGF were assessed. The scaffolds had interconnected pores with porosities of 90% or greater and pore sizes ranging from 34-173 μm. Scaffolds had tensile strengths of 0.25-2.8 MPa and elongations at break of 81-443%. Incorporation of heparin into the scaffold increased the initial burst release of bFGF, while the initial bFGF loading content did not change release kinetics significantly. The released bFGF remained bioactive over 21 days as assessed by smooth muscle mitogenicity. Scaffolds loaded with bFGF showed slightly higher degradation rates than unloaded control scaffolds. Smooth muscle cells seeded into the scaffolds with bFGF showed higher cell densities than for control scaffolds after 7 days of culture. The bFGFreleasing PEUU scaffolds thus exhibited a combination of mechanical properties and bioactivity that might be attractive for use in cardiovascular and other soft tissue applications.

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“…Compared with native cardiac heart tissue, the composites had mechanical properties that were stiffer than native heart muscle, which is made of collagen and is elastomeric with a stiffness of approximately 50-100 kPa during diastole. [26][27][28][29] However, the modulus of active myocardium during systole is approximately 20-fold higher, 30,31 so more closely resembles that of PLGA:CNF composites. These results indicated that the addition of CNF increased the composite tensile strength to mirror better the ability to strengthen the myocardium.…”

Section: Tensile Testsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Mechanisms of greater cardiomyocyte functions on conductive nanoengineered composites for cardiovascular application

Stout¹,

Yoo²,

Santiago-Miranda³

et al. 2012

IJN

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Background: Recent advances in nanotechnology (materials with at least one dimension between 1 nm and 100 nm) have led to the use of nanomaterials in numerous medical device applications. Recently, nanomaterials have been used to create innovative biomaterials for cardiovascular applications. Specifically, carbon nanofibers (CNF) embedded in poly(lacticco-glycolic-acid) (PLGA) have been shown to promote cardiomyocyte growth compared with conventional polymer substrates, but the mechanisms involved in such events remain unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the basic mechanism of cell growth on these novel nanocomposites. Methods: CNF were added to biodegradable PLGA (50:50 PGA:PLA weight ratio) to increase the conductivity, mechanical and cytocompatibility properties of pure PLGA. For this reason, different PLGA to CNF ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 wt%) with different PLGA densities (0.1, 0.05, 0.025, and 0.0125 g/mL) were used, and their compatibility with cardiomyocytes was assessed. Results: Throughout all the cytocompatibility experiments, cardiomyocytes were viable and expressed important biomarkers, including cardiac troponin T, connexin-43, and alpha-sarcomeric actin (α-SCA). Adhesion and proliferation experiments indicated that a PLGA density of 0.025 g/mL with a PLGA to CNF ratio of 75:25 and 50:50 (wt%) promoted the best overall cell growth, ie, a 55% increase in cardiomyocyte density after 120 hours compared with pure PLGA and a 75% increase compared with the control at the same time point for 50:50 (wt%). The PLGA:CNF materials were conductive, and their conductivity increased as greater amounts of CNF were added to pure PLGA, from 0 S ⋅ m −1 for pure PLGA (100:0 wt%) to 5.5 × 10 −3 S ⋅ m −1 for pure CNF (0:100 wt%), as compared with natural heart tissue (ranging from 0.16 S ⋅ m −1 longitudinally to 0.005 S ⋅ m −1 transversely). Tensile tests showed that the addition of CNF increased the tensile strength to mimic that of natural heart tissue, ie, 0.15 MPa for 100% PLGA to 5.41 MPa for the 50:50 (PLGA to CNF [wt%:wt%]) ratio at 0.025 g/mL. Atomic force microscopy indicated that the addition of CNF to PLGA increased the material surface area from 10% (100:0 [PLGA to carbon nanofiber (wt%:wt%)]) to over 60% (50:50 [PLGA to carbon nanofibers (wt%:wt%)]). Lastly, the adsorption of specific proteins (fibronectin and vitronectin) showed significantly more adsorption for the 50:50 PLGA to CNF (wt%:wt%) ratio at 0.025 g/mL PLGA compared with pure PLGA, which may be why cardiomyocyte function increased on CNF-enriched composites. Conclusion:This study demonstrates that cardiomyocyte function was enhanced on 50:50 PLGA to CNF (wt%:wt%) composite ratios at 0.025 g/mL PLGA densities because they mimicked native heart tissue tensile strength/conductivity and increased the adsorption of proteins known to promote cardiomyocyte function.

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Mechanical Properties and Remodeling of Hybrid Cardiac Constructs Made from Heart Cells, Fibrin, and Biodegradable, Elastomeric Knitted Fabric

Cited by 117 publications

References 38 publications

Elastase-Sensitive Elastomeric Scaffolds with Variable Anisotropy for Soft Tissue Engineering

Elastase-Sensitive Elastomeric Scaffolds with Variable Anisotropy for Soft Tissue Engineering

Biodegradable elastomeric scaffolds with basic fibroblast growth factor release

Mechanisms of greater cardiomyocyte functions on conductive nanoengineered composites for cardiovascular application

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