Mechanical properties and rapid sintering of nanostructured WC and WC–TiAl3 hard materials by the pulsed current activated heating

Kwak, Bong-Won; Song, Ji‐Soo; Kim, Byung-Su; Shon, In-Jin

doi:10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2015.08.003

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In Figure 3, only WC peaks were detected in WC–10HEA. Kwak et al [6] also did not detect the TiAl 3 in the XRD patterns when they studied WC–TiAl 3 . The TiAl 3 was thought to exist as thin thickness between WC grains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, the commonly used binder is Co. However, Co could not meet high temperature, strong corrosive medium and other harsh environment because of its poor corrosion resistance and high-temperature resistance in WC-based cemented carbides [5,6]. It was found that the addition of a small amount of some special elements can improve the performances of the cemented carbides significantly [7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a good wettability between WC and intermetallic compounds. So intermetallic compounds have been widely used as the binder of the WC-cemented carbides in recent decades [5,6]. Li et al [5] synthesised Ni 3 Al with mixture powders of Ni, Al, Fe, Cr, Zr and B by high-energy ball milling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison between ultrafine-grained WC–Co and WC–HEA-cemented carbides

2016

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The AlFeCoNiCrTi high-entropy alloy (HEA) powders were prepared by high-energy ball milling. The ultrafine-grained WC-HEA and WC-Co-cemented carbides were fabricated through planetary ball milling and heat-pressure sintering. The microstructures and properties of the sintered alloys were compared using scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, mechanical property testing and electrochemical testing. It has been shown that the AlFeCoNiCrTi HEA can be used as a binder for the ultrafine-grained WC-based cemented carbide. The WC-HEA-cemented carbide has better performances than the WC-Co-cemented carbide. The suitable contents of HEA can inhibit the WC grain growth and improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of cemented carbides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison between ultrafine-grained WC–Co and WC–HEA-cemented carbides

2016

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“…This unique combination of different properties makes cemented carbides the best-known materials for many applications. Unfortunately, the use of cobalt (T melt = 1495 • C [2]) as a binder in cemented carbides is disadvantageous at high temperature, in strong corrosive media and in other harsh environments because of its poor corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance [4]. Additionally, the cobalt binder in WC-based cemented carbides has some health concerns because of its possible carcinogenic effects [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WC-Based Cemented Carbides with High Entropy Alloyed Binders: A Review

Straumal

Konyashin

2023

Metals

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Cemented carbides have belonged to the most important engineering materials since their invention in the 1920s. Commonly, they consist of hard WC grains embedded in a cobalt-based ductile binder. Recently, attempts have been made to substitute the cobalt using multicomponent alloys without a principal component (also known as high entropy alloys—HEAs). HEAs usually contain at least five components in more or less equal amounts. The substitution of a cobalt binder with HEAs can lead to the refinement of WC grains; it increases the hardness, fracture toughness, corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance of cemented carbides. For example, a hardness of 2358 HV, fracture toughness of 12.1 MPa.m1/2 and compression strength of 5420 MPa were reached for a WC-based cemented carbide with 20 wt.% of the equimolar AlFeCoNiCrTi HEA with a bcc lattice. The cemented carbide with 10 wt.% of the Co27.4Cr13.8Fe27.4Ni27.4Mo4 HEA with an fcc lattice had a hardness of 2141 HV and fracture toughness of 10.5 MPa.m1/2. These values are higher than those for the typical WC–10 wt.% Co composite. The substitution of Co with HEAs also influences the phase transitions in the binder (between the fcc, bcc and hcp phases). These phase transformations can be successfully used for the purposeful modifications of the properties of the WC-HEA cemented carbides. The shape of the WC/binder interfaces (e.g., their faceting–roughening) can influence the mechanical properties of cemented carbides. The most possible reason for such a behavior is the modification of conditions for dislocation glide as well as the development and growth of cracks at the last stages of deformation. Thus, the substitution of a cobalt binder with HEAs is very promising for the further development of cemented carbides.

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“…Binderless tungsten carbide has received wide attention of scholars worldwide because of its higher hardness (Imasato et al, 1995;Tsai et al, 2010), better abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance (Engqvist et al, 1999;Beste et al, 2001;Hussainova et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2018) compared with the conventional tungsten carbide with metallic binder cobalt. To address the drawbacks such as the high sintering temperature, low density and poor fracture toughness of the binderless tungsten carbide, researchers have carried out extensive studies and proposed a variety of methods to lower the sintering temperature and improve the mechanical properties (Zheng et al, 2013;Ren et al, 2015;Kwak et al, 2016;Nino et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2018). Nevertheless, there have been few reports on the oxidation process of the binderless tungsten carbide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Y2O3 Addition on High-Temperature Oxidation of Binderless Tungsten Carbide

et al. 2021

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High-temperature oxidation tests were carried out on binderless tungsten carbide (WC) with different Y2O3 contents (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt.%) and on YG3 cemented carbide. Results demonstrated that the addition of Y2O3 led to a significant improvement in the high-temperature oxidation resistance of binderless tungsten carbide compared with those of YG3 cemented carbide and pure tungsten carbide. After oxidation at 800°C for 120 min, the oxidation weight gain of binderless tungsten carbide with 1 wt.% Y2O3 was 58.54 mg cm−2, corresponding to the reduction by 47.7% compared with YG3 cemented carbide. In the high temperature oxidation process, WC in the triangle grain boundary was first oxidized to Y2WO6 due to the high activity of Y2O3 which is present mainly in the WC grain boundaries. The transport of W4+ outward along the grain boundary and the diffusion of O2− inward along the grain boundary were hindered by Y2WO6 with the high ionic radius and thus the antioxidant capacity of binderless tungsten carbide was improved. Meanwhile, the adhesive ability of oxidation layer on the substrate was enhanced with the “pinning effect” of Y2WO6, which also led to the improvement of oxidation resistance. With the Y2O3 content increasing from 1 to 4 wt.%, the antioxidant properties of binderless tungsten carbide gradually declined, and the antioxidant performance of binderless tungsten carbide with 1 wt.% Y2O3 was found to be the best.

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Mechanical properties and rapid sintering of nanostructured WC and WC–TiAl3 hard materials by the pulsed current activated heating

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Comparison between ultrafine-grained WC–Co and WC–HEA-cemented carbides

Comparison between ultrafine-grained WC–Co and WC–HEA-cemented carbides

WC-Based Cemented Carbides with High Entropy Alloyed Binders: A Review

Effect of Y2O3 Addition on High-Temperature Oxidation of Binderless Tungsten Carbide

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