Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Features of Direct Laser-Deposited Ti-6Al-4V

An overview of Direct Laser Deposition for additive manufacturing; Part I: Transport phenomena, modeling and diagnostics

“…Like PBF-L, the finished part(s) must be sheared off from the substrate after the AM process. DLD can be utilized for additive manufacture of a variety of metals and even ceramics -including: Inconel 625, stainless steels, H13 tool steel, titanium alloy, chromium, tungsten and more [35,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. Direct Laser Deposition has also been utilized to successfully manufacture cerments composed of tungsten carbide-cobalt [46].…”

Effects of process time interval and heat treatment on the mechanical and microstructural properties of direct laser deposited 316L stainless steel

“…In contrast to traditional, 'subtractive' fabrication methods, AM techniques allow parts to be built verticallyupward, layer-by-layer, with combined material deposition and energy delivery. For metals, there are two common laser-based additive manufacturing (LBAM) techniques employed, including: Powder-Bed Fusion-Laser (PBF-L), such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) [4], and Direct Laser Deposition (DLD) [5], a Directed Energy Deposition method that employs blown powder and in-situ laser heating; such as Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) -a common DLD process. In a typical DLD process, a high power laser and blown powders are used to create a melt pool that subsequently solidifies for generating tracks/layers.…”

“…This thermal history will then directly impact the formation of pores/voids and the encumbered microstructural features (e.g. grain size, morphology), and thus mechanical properties, of the asbuilt part [3,5].…”

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers: A case study on a multi-layered Ti–6Al–4V oscillating heat pipe

“…aircraft turbine engine components, aircraft structural components, and aerospace fastener), biomedical, and military industries due to its unique properties such as: good corrosion resistance, low density, high strength-to-weight ratio, low modulus of elasticity, non-magnetic A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 10 properties, high fatigue resistance, good mechanical properties at elevated temperatures, high melting point, very short radioactive half-life, nontoxic, non-allergenic properties and biocompatibility -all in addition to its relatively low CTE [7,50,51]. The relatively low CTE of Ti-6Al-4V (as compared to copper or aluminum) is of immediate interest in high heat flux applications, as it allows for interface compatibility with other materials such as ceramic and glass while also minimizing warping and fatigue effects during thermal cycling [50].…”

“…Material selection for heat transfer equipment is also broadened via AM as it can eliminate the need for separate metallurgical joining methods. Since heat transfer equipment typically undergoes less strenuous loading during application relative to mechanically-serviced parts, their rapid adaptability is more certain -especially since the fatigue behavior of many AM parts is still not well understood [7].…”