Mechanical properties and marginal fit of prefabricated versus customized dental implant abutments: A comparative study

Abstract

Introduction Dental implant abutments play an important role in the health and aesthetics of soft and hard tissues around implants. Purpose To compare mechanical properties and marginal fit of prefabricated and customized dental implant abutments and provide references to evaluate the relationship between abutment choice and clinical indications. Methods Titanium abutments were randomly divided into prefabricated and customized abutments. Static and dynamic loads were applied according to ISO14801:2016. Mechanical properties, including fracture strength, fatigue strength, rotational torque value, and torque loss rate, were measured. The biological properties of the implant abutments were assessed using an internal marginal fit. The samples were sliced, and the internal marginal fit was examined using a scanning electron microscope before and after cyclic loading. The length of the tight contact was calculated at the level of the conical connection, lower internal connection, and screw threads. Microleakage was evaluated by immersing the samples in 1% methylene blue and measuring the absorbance. Results The fracture strengths of the prefabricated abutments were greater than those of the customized abutments before and after cyclic loading. The average fatigue strengths of the prefabricated and customized abutments were 350 and 300 N, respectively. The removal torque loss of the customized abutments was significantly greater than that of the prefabricated abutments. Significant differences were found in conical connection before loading, while the screw threads showed substantial differences between the two groups after loading. Microleakage in the customized abutments was significantly higher than that in the prefabricated abutments before and after loading. Conclusions Prefabricated abutments showed superior mechanical and biological properties compared with customized abutments in vitro, suggesting a greater risk of mechanical and biological complications occurring with the use of customized abutments. This study provides a reference for the clinical selection of implant abutments.

Comparison of De-Torque and Failure Load Evaluation of Selective-Laser-Sintered CoCr, CAD-CAM ZrO, and Machined Implant Abutment/Restoration

“…This study's findings are in line with the growing body of research focused on the mechanical properties of implant abutments. For example, a study on the mechanical properties and marginal fit of prefabricated versus customized implant abutments provides relevant insights for the clinical selection of implant abutments, which is in line with the practical implications of the present study's findings [24]. Additionally, research on the effect of platform-switching implants and different abutment materials on the stress distribution of implant-supported restorations contributes to the understanding of the mechanical behavior of implant components, further supporting the significance of the findings for clinical applications [25].…”

Static and Fatigue Mechanical Performance of Abutments Materials for Dental Restorations

“…Load controlled tests were carried out with a load ratio R (F min /F max ) equal to 0.1, as prescribed by the ISO standard. The load frequency was set to 10 Hz, which is less than 15 Hz, as specified in the standard in case of dry tests, and with a runout reference value equal to 5 × 10 6 cycles, corresponding to five years of clinical service [ 17 , 21 ]. The peak value of load levels was initially set to 80% of the static strength and reduced accordingly in subsequent load levels.…”

“…Two different geometries for each material were analyzed, but just for one of them, the Student’s t -test was applied to the static strength results, revealed the significant influence of specimen shape on the mechanical resistance of the abutment. The results attained in the static tests guided the fatigue characterization campaign that was carried out with the aim of simulating five years of clinical service, corresponding to 5 × 10 6 loading cycles [ 17 , 21 ]. The fatigue tests conducted on each material and/or geometry produced the power law fatigue curve and related parameters, with which it was possible to evaluate the different sensitivities to the fatigue loading conditions.…”

“…Technical complications are quite common in implant-supported restorations and might strongly affect the patients’ comfort and satisfaction with their oral rehabilitation. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly examine the mechanical properties of restorative materials intended for use in implant dentistry, particularly when they are subjected to cyclic loading conditions [ 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Survival assessment of fractured porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns surface roughened by sandblasted and repaired by composite resin after in vitro thermal fatigue

“…If no abnormality occurs, then add a force of 10 N each time and continue loading for 60 s until the resin peels off, cracks occur, or the set of maximum occlusion force of 450 N is reached. 27 , 28 , 29 …”