Mechanical Properties and Failure Mechanisms of Novel Resin-infused Thermoplastic and Conventional Thermoset 3D Fabric Composites

Shah, S.Z.H.; Megat-Yusoff, Puteri Sri Melor; Karuppanan, Saravanan; Choudhry, Rizwan Saeed; Ahmad, Faiz; Sajid, Zubair

doi:10.1007/s10443-021-09980-1

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The dimension of specimens was agreed with the ASTM D2344 standard. Equation 6 was used to calculate the interlaminar shear strength, where P, b, and h are the highest load, specimen's width, and thickness, respectively [29].

\vcenter{\openup.5em\halign{$\displaystyle{#}$\cr \tau ={{0.75{\rm \ }P}\over{bh}}\hfill\cr}}

…”

Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A new method of reinforcing graphene nanoplatelets in glass/epoxy composites

Malik,

Ahmad,

Yunus

et al. 2023

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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This research aims to develop a method for the amalgamation of graphene nanoplatelets in glass/epoxy composites. The poor interface bonding between the fiber and matrix is critical and hinders the full performance of the composites. Glass fabric and epoxy were used as reinforcement and matrix in the composite, respectively. Graphene nanoplatelets were utilized as an additional nano‐materials filler for the composites. Glass/graphene/epoxy and glass/epoxy composites were fabricated via vacuum infusion molding. The new method of applying graphene nanoplatelets as secondary reinforcement in the composite was developed based on proper functionalization in the sonication process. The physical, tensile, flexural, and short beam interlaminar properties of fabricated composites were examined to analyze the method's effectiveness. The results showed that density decreased by around 5 %; however, thickness increased by around 34 % after introducing graphene nanoplatelets into the composites. The tensile strength and modulus of the composites declined by approximately 19 %, on the other hand, flexural strength and modulus increased by around 63.3 % and 8.3 %, respectively, after the addition of graphene nanoplatelets into the composites. Moreover, interlaminar shear strength of the composite was enhanced by approximately 50 %.

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\vcenter{\openup.5em\halign{$\displaystyle{#}$\cr \tau ={{0.75{\rm \ }P}\over{bh}}\hfill\cr}}

…”

Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A new method of reinforcing graphene nanoplatelets in glass/epoxy composites

Malik,

Ahmad,

Yunus

et al. 2023

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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“…The Elium ® based 3D-FRC took approximately fourfold to completely infuse the panel because low vacuum pressure was used to avoid void/bubble formation during the polymerization process. More details on the fabrication process can be found in our earlier publications [ 6 , 31 , 32 , 39 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of 3D-FRC has increased in recent years thanks to their superior transverse properties (impact resistance) and damage tolerance in comparison with 2D-FRC [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. However, their in-plane properties were reduced, which was attributed to the waviness caused by the z-binder [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Following this direction, researchers focused their attention on improving their in-plane properties [ 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Off-Axis and On-Axis Performance of Novel Acrylic Thermoplastic (Elium®) 3D Fibre-Reinforced Composites under Flexure Load

et al. 2022

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The flexure response of novel thermoplastic (Elium®) 3D fibre-reinforced composites (FRC) was evaluated and compared with a conventional thermoset (Epolam®)-based 3D-FRC. Ten different types of sample 3D-FRC were prepared by varying fibre orientations, i.e., 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°, and resin system, i.e., thermoplastic and thermoset. The bending characteristics and failure mechanisms were determined by conducting a three-point bend test. Results elucidate that the on-axis specimens show linear response and brittle failure; in contrast, the off-axis specimens depicted highly nonlinear response and ductile failure. The thermoplastic on-axis specimen exhibited almost similar flexure strength; in comparison, the off-axis specimens show ~17% lower flexure strength compared to thermoset 3D-FRC. Thermoplastic 3D-FRC shows ~40% higher energy absorption, ~23% lower flexure modulus and ~27% higher flexure strains as compared to its thermoset counterpart.

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“…For the joining of structural components and to give access to the interior of the structure, notched composite panels are widely employed [ 6 ]. These composite panels significantly reduce the weight and part count, consequently enhancing the aircraft’s efficiency [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Moreover, composite laminates are frequently employed in load-bearing structures [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Method for the Optimization of the Open-Hole and Filled-Hole Laminates at the Preliminary Design Stage

et al. 2023

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In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in open-hole and filled-hole laminate failure analysis. The open and filled-hole laminate failure analysis is used in several important areas, especially in designing mechanically fastened composite joints. Various analytical, empirical, and numerical methods are available for the design of mechanically fastened composite joints. The large number of material and geometrical design variables at the preliminary design stage makes the empirical and numerical methods effortful, expensive, and time-consuming. Therefore, analytical methods are recommended over numerical and empirical methods at the preliminary design stage merely because of their simplification in calculations, making them computationally efficient. Taking this into consideration, current research presents an improvement to the analysis capabilities of the previously introduced analytical method, i.e., the coupled approach of Classical laminate theory (CLT) and Lekhnitskii solutions. These improvements include the development of failure envelops for the open-hole and filled-hole laminates, estimation of optimized filling material for attaining maximum load-bearing capacity of filled-hole laminates, and optimization of stacking sequence for maximum load-bearing capacity of open-hole and filled-hole laminates. From the failure envelop results, it was found that failure envelopes of filled-hole laminates are bigger than open-hole laminates. Furthermore, it was found that the stiffness of the filling material should be equal to the stiffness of the laminate to achieve maximum bearing strength of the filled-hole laminate. It was also demonstrated that the coupled approach of CLT and Lekhnitskii solutions may provide carpet plots that can be utilized to optimize the stacking sequence for open-hole and filled-hole laminates.

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Mechanical Properties and Failure Mechanisms of Novel Resin-infused Thermoplastic and Conventional Thermoset 3D Fabric Composites

Cited by 12 publications

References 51 publications

A new method of reinforcing graphene nanoplatelets in glass/epoxy composites

A new method of reinforcing graphene nanoplatelets in glass/epoxy composites

Off-Axis and On-Axis Performance of Novel Acrylic Thermoplastic (Elium®) 3D Fibre-Reinforced Composites under Flexure Load

Analytical Method for the Optimization of the Open-Hole and Filled-Hole Laminates at the Preliminary Design Stage

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