Mechanical properties and deformation behavior of additively manufactured lattice structures of stainless steel

Köhnen, Patrick; Haase, Christian; Bültmann, Jan; Ziegler, Stephan; Schleifenbaum, Johannes Henrich; Bleck, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2018.02.062

Cited by 176 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Low levels of porosity (approximately 1%) are achievable in AM processes, as in [88,89], and as expected, similar results are found among lattice structures [24,56,57,71,75,87,[90][91][92]. Process parameters are often the focus of the cause of porosity, as in references [89,93,94].…”

Section: Porositysupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Archimedes' method [24,57,75,92] Infer porosity from weight in two fluids XCT [56,65,95,96] Calculate total porosity Optical microscopy [87,90] Average porosity determined from select cross-sections SEM [71] Surface porosity information on AM surfaces [116]. There are investigations into employing areal parameters, which aim to more adequately capture AM surface information, such as Sa, the areal counterpart of Ra [117].…”

Section: Discussion Of Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This enabled smaller voxel sizes to be achieved and a greater proportion of pores were detected. Optical microscopy was used by Qiu et al [87] and Köhnen et al [90] to calculate an average porosity from a Fig. 7 XCT results from [95] showing increased porosity in the nodes of a lattice Fig.…”

Section: Porositymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of defects in lattice structures manufactured by powder bed fusion

Echeta

Feng

Dutton

et al. 2019

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

148

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Additively manufactured lattice structures are popular due to their desirable properties, such as high specific stiffness and high surface area, and are being explored for several applications including aerospace components, heat exchangers and biomedical implants. The complexity of lattices challenges the fabrication limits of additive manufacturing processes and thus, lattices are particularly prone to manufacturing defects. This paper presents a review of defects in lattice structures produced by powder bed fusion processes. The review focuses on the effects of lattice design on dimensional inaccuracies, surface texture and porosity. The design constraints on lattice structures are also reviewed, as these can help to discourage defect formation. Appropriate process parameters, post-processing techniques and measurement methods are also discussed. The information presented in this paper contributes towards a deeper understanding of defects in lattice structures, aiming to improve the quality and performance of future designs.

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Section: Porositysupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussion Of Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of defects in lattice structures manufactured by powder bed fusion

Echeta

Feng

Dutton

et al. 2019

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

148

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Applications where diffraction contrast imaging for phase/strain analysis has already been undertaken are torsion tests [34], bending tests where the strain (and in association to strain the strain-induced martensite) varies from tensile, through a neutral line to compression [56], and complex stress states in fatigue samples. Potential new applications could include bulge tests that the strain and stress states vary significantly from place to place [57], deformation tests on metallic foams [58,59], and additively manufactured open cell structures [60][61][62] that exhibit local complex stress states and strain concentrations. diffraction contrast imaging captures well the locations that FE modeling predicts strain localization under uniaxial loading.…”

Section: Discussion and Prospects Of The Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron Diffraction and Diffraction Contrast Imaging for Mapping the TRIP Effect under Load Path Change

et al. 2020

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The transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) effect is investigated during a load path change using a cruciform sample. The transformation properties are followed by in-situ neutron diffraction derived from the central area of the cruciform sample. Additionally, the spatial distribution of the TRIP effect triggered by stress concentrations is visualized using neutron Bragg edge imaging including, e.g., weak positions of the cruciform geometry. The results demonstrate that neutron diffraction contrast imaging offers the possibility to capture the TRIP effect in objects with complex geometries under complex stress states.

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“…By optimization of process parameters, near‐fully dense components with relative density of ≈99.5% can be fabricated by SLM . Lightweight components with complex structures and excellent mechanical properties have been successfully built by SLM technology, and increasing amount of studies have been recently devoted to investigate the mechanical properties of SLM‐processed lightweight structures . Zhang et al fabricated three types of porous structures including cubic, topology optimization and rhombic dodecahedron, and investigated the energy absorption mechanism and stress distribution of porous structures at the initial stage of deformation through experiments and finite element simulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compressive Properties of Bio‐Inspired Reticulated Shell Structures Processed by Selective Laser Melting

Wang

Lin

et al. 2019

Adv Eng Mater

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Owing to reasonable stress, large rigidity and large span, the reticulated shell structure is widely used in the field of aerospace industry. However, its hardto-process nature hinders, the progress of design optimization, and experimental investigation. In this paper, a series of reticulated shell structure, inspired from the diving bell of the water spiders, is designed and fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing technology from AlSi10Mg powder. The effects of strut diameter on dimensional accuracy, densification behavior, and mechanical properties of SLM-processed reticulated shell structures are investigated. The results show that all the SLMprocessed reticulated shell structures exhibit high relative density (>99%), which decrease with the increase of strut diameter. The load-displacement curves of all reticulated shell structures exhibit a similar trend including three distinct stages. The structure with strut diameter of 1.25 mm (D 1.25 ) has relatively high specific energy absorption, and energy absorption capability. The fracture mechanism of SLM-processed reticulated shell structures with different strut diameters is analyzed through a combination of finite element simulations and experimental observations. With an increasing strut diameter, the dominant mechanism changes from stress-controlled to porositycontrolled fracture.

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Mechanical properties and deformation behavior of additively manufactured lattice structures of stainless steel

Cited by 176 publications

References 18 publications

Review of defects in lattice structures manufactured by powder bed fusion

Review of defects in lattice structures manufactured by powder bed fusion

Neutron Diffraction and Diffraction Contrast Imaging for Mapping the TRIP Effect under Load Path Change

Compressive Properties of Bio‐Inspired Reticulated Shell Structures Processed by Selective Laser Melting

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