Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of Porous Titanium Prepared by Powder Sintering

Oh, Ik Hyun; Son, Hyeon Taek; Kang, Chang Seog; Lee, Jae Seol; Cho, Jae Ik; Bae, Jung Chan; Lee, Byong‐Taek; Song, Ho‐Yeon

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.635

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…5 , the presence of carbon in the elemental map confirms the presence of eBMMSCs, since it is the largest constituent of living matter. The presence of roughness both inside and around the pores may be able to promote bone internal cell growth in the pore region, providing not only anchoring for fixation but also a system capable of allowing stresses to be transferred from the implant to the tissue [ 39 ]. In the same figure, note the difficulty of finding the adhered cells being molded according to the surface on which they were exposed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Mg content on Ti-Nb-Sn alloy when in contact with eBMMSCs promotes improvement of its biological functions

Dias

Rossi

Apolonio

et al. 2021

J Mater Sci: Mater Med

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Magnesium is a metal used in the composition of titanium alloys and imparts porosity. Due to its osteoconductive, biocompatible and biodegradable characteristics, its application in the development of biomedical materials has become attractive. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of magnesium present in porous Ti-Nb-Sn alloys, which have a low elastic modulus in adhesive, osteogenic properties and the amount of reactive intracellular oxygen species released in mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow equine bone (eBMMSCs). Mechanical properties of the alloy, such as hardness, compressive strength and elastic modulus, were analyzed, as well as surface morphological characteristics through scanning electron microscopy. The evaluation of magnesium ion release was performed by atomic force spectroscopy. The biological characteristics of the alloy, when in contact with the alloy surface and with the culture medium conditioned with the alloy, were studied by SEM and optical microscopy. Confirmation of osteogenic differentiation by alizarin red and detection of ROS using a Muse® Oxidative Stress Kit based on dihydroetide (DHE). The alloy showed an elastic modulus close to cortical bone values. The hardness was close to commercial Ti grade 2, and the compressive strength was greater than the value of cortical bone. The eBMMSCs adhered to the surface of the alloy during the experimental time. Osteogenic differentiation was observed with the treatment of eBMMMSCs with conditioned medium. The eBMMSCs treated with conditioned medium decreased ROS production, indicating a possible antioxidant defense potential of magnesium release.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Mg content on Ti-Nb-Sn alloy when in contact with eBMMSCs promotes improvement of its biological functions

Dias

Rossi

Apolonio

et al. 2021

J Mater Sci: Mater Med

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“…[13] The SPS studies on porous Ti alloys were mainly using low temperature and low pressure to decrease the relative density of samples. [14][15][16][17][18][19] The samples exhibited pore sizes of some tens of micrometers and a porosity in the range of 20-45%. As bone foams, high porosity (>50%) and macropore size (>200 mm) are essential requirements for the bone growth and the osteoconduction.…”

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confidence: 99%

Spark Plasma Sintering, Microstructures, and Mechanical Properties of Macroporous Titanium Foams

2010

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Porous materials with interconnected porosity have widespread applications in many fields of engineering. [1] Bulk porous metallic materials (honeycomb, foam, and hollow spheres) are known for their interesting combinations of the advantages of a metal (strong, hard, tough, electrically, and thermally conductive, etc.) with the functional properties of porous structures (lightweight with adjustable properties by selecting the density. [2] Because of this, porous metals are interesting for a number of engineering applications such as structural panels, energy absorption devices, acoustic damping panels, compact heat exchangers, and biomedical implants etc. [3] Porous titanium (Ti) and its alloy were widely used in the biomedical field due to their outstanding mechanical properties, low density, chemical resistance, and biocompatibility. As a kind of long-term load-bearing implant, the porous structures of Ti and its alloy could lead to a reliable anchoring of host tissue into the porous structure, and allow mechanical interlocking between bone and implant. [4] The ingrowths of bone into the porous structure could ensure a good transfer of mechanical forces. Therefore, a porous structure is preferable for the Ti and its alloys using as bone scaffolds.However, porous Ti and its alloys are difficult to be produced from the liquid state, due to the high melting point, the high reactivity at high temperature above 1000 8C and the contamination susceptibility. Thus, fabrication processes for porous Ti has to date focused on the powder metallurgy (PM) route and avoided the liquid route. [5] Many techniques have been applied to produce porous Ti and its alloy implants in recent years. [6][7][8][9][10] Nevertheless, there are still problems to be solved in the field of porous Ti for biomedical applications [11] : the difficulty to create controlled porosity and pore sizes, the insufficient knowledge of porous structureproperty relationships, the requirements of new sintering techniques with rapid energy transfer, and less energy consumption and so on.Spark plasma sintering (SPS) as one of the field assisted sintering techniques, is a relative new sintering technique for PM and ceramics. SPS is a high efficient and energy saving powder consolidation and sintering technology capable of processing conductive and non-conductive materials. [12] However, most of SPS researches were performed on dense materials; fewer studies were on porous materials. [13] The SPS studies on porous Ti alloys were mainly using low temperature and low pressure to decrease the relative density of samples. [14][15][16][17][18][19] The samples exhibited pore sizes of some tens of micrometers and a porosity in the range of 20-45%. As bone foams, high porosity (>50%) and macropore size (>200 mm) are essential requirements for the bone growth and the osteoconduction. [20,21] Macroporous nanostructured tricalcium phosphate scaffolds have been successfully COMMUNICATION [*] Dr. for his support in mechanical testing.Macroporous pure titanium (Ti) foams with...

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Titanium and titanium based alloy prepared by spark plasma sintering method for biomedical implant applications—a review

Annur

Kartika

Supriadi

et al. 2021

Mater. Res. Express

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Titanium has been widely used in biomedical implant applications due to its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, manufacturing titanium was quite challenging due to the need for high temperature while having high reactivity. Therefore, spark plasma sintering (SPS) is proposed as an advance rapid sintering technique which allows the fabrication of bulk and porous titanium for biomedical application. This review aims to explore the recent status of titanium alloys prepared by the SPS method. There are two common approaches of titanium development by the SPS method, develop a bulk titanium alloy, or develop porous titanium. The development of titanium for biomedical implant application was done by improving biocompatibility alloy and repair some unsatisfactory mechanical properties. Some low toxicity of titanium alloys (Aluminum free and Vanadium free) had been studied such as Ti–Nb, Ti–Zr, Ti–Ag, Ti–Mg, Ti–Nb–Zr, Ti–Nb–Cu, Ti–Nb–Zr–Ta, etc. SPS was shown to increase the mechanical properties of titanium alloys. However, porous titanium alloys prepared by SPS had gained much attention since it may produce titanium with lower elastic modulus in such a short time. Low elastic modulus is preferable for implant material because it can reduce the risk of implant failure due to the stress-shielding effect. Besides mechanical properties, some corrosion resistance and the biocompatibility of titanium are also reviewed in this paper.

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Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of Porous Titanium Prepared by Powder Sintering

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Low Mg content on Ti-Nb-Sn alloy when in contact with eBMMSCs promotes improvement of its biological functions

Low Mg content on Ti-Nb-Sn alloy when in contact with eBMMSCs promotes improvement of its biological functions

Spark Plasma Sintering, Microstructures, and Mechanical Properties of Macroporous Titanium Foams

Titanium and titanium based alloy prepared by spark plasma sintering method for biomedical implant applications—a review

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