Mechanical processing in sample preparation

Multiple liquid‐liquid extraction of dissolved compounds in immortelle hydrosol with four different solvents

“…Regarding the differential ability of a solvent to collect a matrix of dissolved nonpolar compounds in an aqueous solution, Wells [18] suggested that this is directly related to the solubility of the solvent itself in water. Accordingly, the highest efficiency of chloroform in LLE can be related to the highest solubility in water of this solvent (0.97 %) compared to dichloromethane, benzene, and hexane (0.24 %, 0.06 %, and 0.01 %, respectively) [14] …”

“…For quality analysis of hydrosols, nonpolar compounds that are dissolved to a low percentage are usually obtained by repeated liquid‐liquid extraction (LLE) with nonpolar solvents of different polarity indices [13] . The solvent is then evaporated by a non‐thermal process in a nitrogen stream to concentrate the constituents and make them suitable for GC and GC‐MS analysis [14] . To quantify the volatile organic compounds dissolved in the hydrosol, an internal standard is usually added during LLE that, based on its chemical nature and concentration, corresponds to the dissolved compounds and does not overlap with any compound present in the hydrosol in terms of retention time [14] .…”

“…The solvent is then evaporated by a non‐thermal process in a nitrogen stream to concentrate the constituents and make them suitable for GC and GC‐MS analysis [14] . To quantify the volatile organic compounds dissolved in the hydrosol, an internal standard is usually added during LLE that, based on its chemical nature and concentration, corresponds to the dissolved compounds and does not overlap with any compound present in the hydrosol in terms of retention time [14] . The most commonly used nonpolar solvents in the LLE of hydrosols are dichloromethane, chloroform, benzene, and hexane [14,15] .…”

“…To quantify the volatile organic compounds dissolved in the hydrosol, an internal standard is usually added during LLE that, based on its chemical nature and concentration, corresponds to the dissolved compounds and does not overlap with any compound present in the hydrosol in terms of retention time [14] . The most commonly used nonpolar solvents in the LLE of hydrosols are dichloromethane, chloroform, benzene, and hexane [14,15] . Although the chemical profile of LLEs of the same hydrosol obtained using different solvents are very similar, there are usually significant differences in the yield and number of extracted compounds [16,17] .…”