Mechanical pre-treatment of mobile phones and its effect on the Printed Circuit Assemblies (PCAs)

Bachér, John; Mrotzek, Asja; Wahlström, Margareta

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2015.06.009

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Crucially, (4) the selection of method, such as choosing higher VROs instead of low VROs (shredding), is important. Bachér et al [46] showed the economic loss of shredding modern electronic appliances such as mobile phones. They found that for every kg of mobile phones shredded to a size above 8 mm, a total of 17.8 euro is lost, mainly in reduced value for Gold (about 14€) and Palladium (about 3€).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value Retention Options in Circular Economy: Issues and Challenges of LED Lamp Preprocessing

et al. 2019

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The Circular Economy is gaining recognition for its attention to increasing material circularity by proposing a set of value retention options, and organizing business, institutions, and policies for their implementation. Light emitting diode (LED) lamp recycling is becoming increasingly important due to their growing market share and precious metal content. Instead of the current shredding approach, this study applied higher value retention options, such as testing for the functionality of the bulb at the product level, manual disassembly to reuse parts at the component level, and automatic disassembly for industrial scale reuse. This study finds that the effort that is needed to implement higher value retention options (such as reuse) requires a new form of secondary business, wider networks of recycling chains, and favorable policies. It also shows that about 50% of the lamp waste stream is still functioning and economically attractive if they are remarketed. However, the demand-pull market conditions seem to be missing. For manual disassembly, the output fractions are cleaner, but it is not economically feasible due to high labor cost. On the other hand, automatic disassembly does not produce cleaner fractions due to wide design variability. Thus, this study suggests that shifting from shredding-focused-resource recovery to reuse-based-resource circularity requires a comprehensive framework that simultaneously encourages secondary market formation, collaboration between manufacturers, recyclers and companies, and the formulation of favorable reuse policies. This study applies insights from circular economy principles to LED lamp recycling, and it also contributes to the latter by identifying challenges and possible solutions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value Retention Options in Circular Economy: Issues and Challenges of LED Lamp Preprocessing

et al. 2019

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“…However, the main drawback is represented by the losses of valuable metals as well as significant dust generation (Kaya, 2016). Mechanical processes are well designed to recover mass relevant metals, as iron and copper, with yields up to 80% whereas they fail in the recovery of precious metals which are often lost in the dust streams (Bachér et al, 2015;Chancerel et al, 2009;Cui and Zhang, 2008;Lu and Xu, 2016;Oguchi et al, 2012;Veit et al, 2002). Previous investigations reported around 60-70% of losses in terms of gold and up to 80% of palladium.…”

Section: Mechanical Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous investigations reported around 60-70% of losses in terms of gold and up to 80% of palladium. These losses are mainly ascribed to the shredding processes as they act dispersing precious metals in stream extraneous to metal recovery (Bachér et al, 2015;Chancerel et al, 2009;Marra et al, 2018a). Losses of critical metals have been stated as well.…”

Section: Mechanical Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The recovery of metals from WEEE: state of the art and future perspectives

Marra¹,

Cesaro²,

Belgıorno³

2018

Issue 4

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<p>Metals are essential elements in the modern technology as they are widely used for several industrial applications such as the manufacturing of electronic devices. Besides common metals, such as copper, iron and aluminium, electronic appliances can contain precious metals as well as metals defined as critical, including rare earth elements (REEs). In this regard, the chance to recycle metals from end-of-life appliances, namely Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), has benefits for both the economy and the environment in terms of its protection and conservation. However, the existing recycling industry for the recovery of metals from WEEE is still in its infant stage and mostly addressed to the recovery of base metals; precious metals are also extracted, while REEs are practically almost never recycled. The present work provides a comprehensive overview of the recycling technologies currently applied for the recovery of metals from WEEE, including the recovery of REEs, for which few and fragmented information is available in literature due to the limited experience and the restriction imposed by trade secrets. Advantages, as well as limits of both conventional technologies and recent research developments, are discussed and future perspectives are lastly pointed out.</p>

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“…The most dominant method for metal recovery from PCB is physical separation subsequent to size reduction through crushing and grinding. Such separation techniques include pneumatic separation, 810) magnetic separation, 11,12) eddy current separation, 13,14) electrostatic separation, 1517) flotation, 1820) etc. In most cases, it is common to combine more than two separation techniques in order to acquire interest materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liberation Characteristics Assessment for Copper Component in PCB Comminution Product by Image Analysis

et al. 2018

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Cu is one of the most valuable metals found in waste printed circuit boards (PCBs). In order to recover the metals from the e-waste, PCB recycling process exploiting physical concentration techniques have widely been applied. Size reduction steps including crushing and grinding are done for liberation of Cu from the non-metallic materials such as glass fiber and epoxy resin. Degree of liberation is an important factor by which liberation performance of comminution process is evaluated. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate liberation characteristics of Cu particles in comminuted PCB by using image analysis method. The analysis procedures include image processing such as noise reduction, edge detection and component discrimination so that a set of images of ground PCB particles provides quantitative information such as Cu grade distribution and degree of Cu liberation. The Cu liberation phenomenon was also discussed in terms of its disassociation behavior from non-metallic material and grindability difference.

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Mechanical pre-treatment of mobile phones and its effect on the Printed Circuit Assemblies (PCAs)

Cited by 28 publications

References 27 publications

Value Retention Options in Circular Economy: Issues and Challenges of LED Lamp Preprocessing

Value Retention Options in Circular Economy: Issues and Challenges of LED Lamp Preprocessing

The recovery of metals from WEEE: state of the art and future perspectives

Liberation Characteristics Assessment for Copper Component in PCB Comminution Product by Image Analysis

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