Mechanical Performance of the LARP Nb$_{3}$Sn Quadrupole Magnet LQS01

Ferracin, P.; Ambrosio, G.; Anerella, M.; Bingham, B; Bossert, R.; Caspi, S.; Cheng, D.; Chlachidze, G.; Félice, H.; Hafalia, A.R.; Mumper, W; Nobrega, F.; Prestemon, S.; Sabbi, G.; Schmalzle, J.; Sylvester, C.; Tartaglia, M.; Wanderer, P.; Zlobin, A.V.

doi:10.1109/tasc.2010.2097571

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…For both series, the maximum observed dodecapole deviations from the simulated values are in the order of 1.5 units in LQS magnets and 1 unit in TQS in current range from 2 kA to 9 kA. As was discussed in [6]- [8] and [11], the larger saturation effect in these magnets is due to the iron pads placed next to the coils. If necessary, several methods to correct this saturation effect can be applied, for example: introducing holes into appropriate places in iron pads and yoke, or by substituting the iron pads with stainless ones.…”

Section: Iron Saturation Effectmentioning

confidence: 66%

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Field Quality Study of the LARP ${\rm Nb}_{3}{\rm Sn}$ 3.7 m-Long Quadrupole Models of LQ series

Velev

Ambrosio

Andreev

et al. 2012

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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After the successful test of the first long quadrupole magnet (LQS01), the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) has assembled and tested a new 3.7 m-long quadrupole (LQS02). This magnet has four new coils made of the same conductor as LQS01 coils, and it is using the same support structure. LQS02 was tested at the Fermilab Vertical Magnet Test Facility with the main goal to confirm that the long models can achieve field gradient above 200 T/m, LARP target for 90-mm aperture, as well as to measure the field quality. These long models lack some alignment features and it is important to study the field harmonics. Previous field quality measurements of LQS01 showed higher than expected differences between measured and calculated harmonics compared to the short models (TQS) assembled in a similar structure. These differences could be explained by the use of two different impregnation fixtures during coil fabrication. In this paper, we present a comparison of the field quality measurements between LQS01 and LQS02 as well as a comparison with the short TQS models. If the result supports the coil fabrication hypothesis, another LQS assembly with all coils fabricated in the same fixture will be produced for understanding the cause of the discrepancy between short and long models.Index Terms-Magnetic field measurement, super-conducting accelerator magnets.

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Section: Iron Saturation Effectmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…LQS01 quadrupole performed extremely well during the quench tests, and magnetic field quality measurements were taken with two different coil pre-stresses. More information about the LQS01 production and testing is presented elsewhere [6]- [8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Quality Study of the LARP ${\rm Nb}_{3}{\rm Sn}$ 3.7 m-Long Quadrupole Models of LQ series

Velev

Ambrosio

Andreev

et al. 2012

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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“…The 4 m long coil has the same cross section as the TQ coils [4][5][6][7] with one exception. The length of cable used was shorter than standard so one half-turn was removed from each Side "Ear" layer.…”

Section: Coil Design and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results are presented in FIGURE 8. For comparison, temperature dependence is also shown for the long quadrupole magnet (LQS01b) [7] with coils made of RRP 54/61 Nb 3 Sn strand and the 1m mirror TQM03. Whereas LQS01b shows a reduction of quench current at T < 3 K due to flux jump instabilities in the superconductor, LQM01 shows the expected temperature dependence in the entire temperature range from 1.9 to 4.6 K.…”

Section: Magnet Ramp Rate and Temperature Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication and test of 4M long Nb3SN quadrupole coil made of RRP-114/127 strand

Bossert¹,

Ambrosio²,

Andreev³

et al. 2012

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Fermilab is collaborating with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) within the US-LHC Accelerator Research Project (US-LARP collaboration) to develop a large-aperture Nb 3 Sn superconducting quadrupole for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) luminosity upgrade. Several two-layer quadrupole models of the 1-meter and 3.4-meter length with 90 mm apertures have been fabricated and tested by the US-LARP collaboration. High-Jc Nb 3 Sn RRP-54/61 strand was used for nearly all models. Large flux jumps typical for this strand, due to the large sub-element diameter, limited magnet quench performance at temperatures below 2.5-3K. This paper summarizes the fabrication and test by Fermilab of LQM01, a long quadrupole coil test structure (quadrupole mirror) with the first 3.4 m quadrupole coil made of more stable RRP-114/127 strand. The coil and structure are fully instrumented with voltage taps, full bridge strain gauges and strip heaters to monitor preload, thermal properties and quench behavior. Measurements during fabrication are reported, including preload during the yoke welding process. Testing is done at 4.5 K, 1.9 K and a range of intermediate temperatures.The test results include magnet strain and quench performance during training, as well as quench studies of current ramp rate and temperature dependence from 1.9 K to 4.5 K.

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On the mechanics of MQXFB—the low-beta quadrupole for the HL-LHC

Takala

Ferracin

Lackner

et al. 2021

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Project target is to reach an integrated luminosity of the LHC of 3000 fb −1 , corresponding to a factor 10 increase in collisions with respect to the current accelerator. One of the main components is the superconducting quadrupole called MQXF. It is based on Nb 3 Sn technology and has a 150 mm single aperture with a field gradient of 132.6 T m −1 . The MQXF magnets are currently in preseries production in a joint collaboration between CERN and the US-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project. The first prototype magnet based on 7 m-long coils (MQXFBP1) was assembled and preloaded in 2019. The testing and disassembly was done in 2020. The coils were equipped with optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. Some of the FBG values exhibited strain jumps during preload and their signals were lost during cool-down. The magnet did not reach the nominal current, quenching at 15.15 kA. At the time of writing three MQXFB magnets have been preloaded from which the second prototype is soon to be tested. The objective of this paper is to analyze the mechanical behavior of MQXFB magnets in the light of current knowledge, thanks to earlier short model experiments, as well as describe in detail the process of assembly and preload. We synthesize the mechanical theory of preload and present new considerations on symmetric/asymmetric bladder-key operations and their effects. An extensive comparison between long and short model magnets is presented. In our analysis and FE modeling we take into account the measured coil sizes that vary over position. We introduce a novel technique that allows preload homogenization over the length of the magnet after preload has been done. We analyze the role of the stainless steel shell and show its mechanical behavior. Finally, the relevant data at cold is presented and analyzed.

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Mechanical Performance of the LARP Nb$_{3}$Sn Quadrupole Magnet LQS01

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

Field Quality Study of the LARP ${\rm Nb}_{3}{\rm Sn}$ 3.7 m-Long Quadrupole Models of LQ series

Field Quality Study of the LARP ${\rm Nb}_{3}{\rm Sn}$ 3.7 m-Long Quadrupole Models of LQ series

Fabrication and test of 4M long Nb3SN quadrupole coil made of RRP-114/127 strand

On the mechanics of MQXFB—the low-beta quadrupole for the HL-LHC

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