Mechanical Performance of Fused Filament Fabricated and 3D-Printed Polycarbonate Polymer and Polycarbonate/Cellulose Nanofiber Nanocomposites

Vidakis, Nectarios; Petousis, Markos; Velidakis, Emmanouil; Spiridaki, Mariza; Kechagias, John

doi:10.3390/fib9110074

Cited by 42 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In fused filament fabrication (FFF), which belongs to the material extrusion (MEX) family of the AM technologies [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], raw materials are mainly thermoplastic polymers and/or composites [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], with their mechanical properties thoroughly investigated in most cases [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. The form of the raw material is in filament form and usually has a diameter of 1.75 mm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Optimization of Medical-Grade Multi-Functional Polyamide 12-Cuprous Oxide Nanocomposites with Superior Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties for Cost-Effective 3D Printing

et al. 2022

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In the current study, nanocomposites of medical-grade polyamide 12 (PA12) with incorporated copper (I) oxide (cuprous oxide-Cu2O) were prepared and fully characterized for their mechanical, thermal, and antibacterial properties. The investigation was performed on specimens manufactured by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) and aimed to produce multi-purpose geometrically complex nanocomposite materials that could be employed in medical, food, and other sectors. Tensile, flexural, impact and Vickers microhardness measurements were conducted on the 3D-printed specimens. The fractographic inspection was conducted utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), to determine the fracture mechanism and qualitatively evaluate the process. Moreover, the thermal properties were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (D/TGA). Finally, their antibacterial performance was assessed through a screening method of well agar diffusion. The results demonstrate that the overall optimum performance was achieved for the nanocomposites with 2.0 wt.% loading, while 0.5 wt.% to 4.0 wt.% loading was concluded to have discrete improvements of either the mechanical, the thermal, or the antibacterial performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Optimization of Medical-Grade Multi-Functional Polyamide 12-Cuprous Oxide Nanocomposites with Superior Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties for Cost-Effective 3D Printing

et al. 2022

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“…Here, two standard ASTM D638 tensile bar sizes (Type IV and V) along with parallel and series printing of the specimens were examined for polycarbonate (PC) and polypropylene (PP). These plastics have been previously demonstrated for 3DP [ 7 , 56 – 59 ], including as composites [ 60 , 61 ], with PC exhibiting properties for potential engineering applications, while PP offers potential for a much lower cost. The elastic modulus was independent of these examined print characteristics, but the failure was dependent on the specimen size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size and print path effects on mechanical properties of material extrusion 3D printed plastics

Vogt

2022

Prog Addit Manuf

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Print conditions for thermoplastics by filament-based material extrusion (MatEx) are commonly optimized to maximize the elastic modulus. However, these optimizations tend to ignore the impact of thermal history that depends on the specimen size and print path selection. Here, we investigate the effect of size print path (raster angle and build orientation) and print sequence on the mechanical properties of polycarbonate (PC) and polypropylene (PP). Examination of parallel and series printing of flat ( XY ) and stand-on ( YZ ) orientation of Type V specimens demonstrated that to observe statistical differences in the mechanical response that the interlayer time between printed roads should be approximately 5 s or less. The print time for a single layer in XY orientation is much longer than that for a single layer in YZ orientation, so print sequence only impacts the mechanical response in the YZ orientation. However, the specimen size and raster angle did influence the mechanical properties in XY orientation due to the differences in thermal history associated with intralayer time between adjacent roads. Moreover, all of these effects are significantly larger when printing PC than PP. These differences between PP and PC are mostly attributed to the mechanism of interface consolidation (crystallization vs. glass formation), which changes the requirements for a strong interface between roads (crystals vs. entanglements). These results illustrate how the print times dictated by the print path layout impact observed mechanical properties. This work also demonstrated that the options available in some standards developed for traditional manufacturing will change the quantitative results when applied to 3D printed parts. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40964-022-00275-w.

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“…Intense interest has emerged in the last decade in the development of composite materials [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Such composites are still being developed to enhance the mechanical [ 12 , 15 , 16 ], thermal, [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], and chemical resistance performance [ 20 , 21 ], while in parallel, the introduction of new properties in thermoplastic matrices has been attempted for electrical conductivity [ 22 , 23 ], as well as antibacterial [ 4 , 24 ] and other properties. In this context, the use of nanotechnology is a prospective way of attributing properties to polymeric matrices [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical-Grade Polyamide 12 Nanocomposite Materials for Enhanced Mechanical and Antibacterial Performance in 3D Printing Applications

et al. 2022

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, wide use of 3D printing technologies has been enabled. Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is the most widely used technique in 3D printing communities worldwide for the fabrication of medical components such as face shields and respiratory valves. In the current study, the potential of Polyamide 12 (PA12) silver-doped antibacterial nanopowder (AgDANP) nanocomposites is evaluated for everyday FFF usage. Filling loadings of 1.0-2.0-3.0 and 4.0 wt.% were selected for nanocomposite preparation. Mechanical performance analysis was conducted on the basis of tensile, flexural, impact, and Vickers microhardness measurements in FFF 3D-printed specimens. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images were used for morphology and processing evaluation, as well as thermal performance measurements, conducted by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) tests. Finally, the antibacterial performance was tested using the agar-well diffusion screening method, and the shape effect of the specimens was also investigated. The addition of 2.0 wt.% AgDANPs resulted in an enhancement of approximately 27% for both tensile and flexural stresses, while the antibacterial performance was sufficiently high among the nanocomposites tested. The shape effect exhibited the potential for antibacterial performance at low filling ratios, while the effect was diminished with increasing filler of AgDANPs.

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Mechanical Performance of Fused Filament Fabricated and 3D-Printed Polycarbonate Polymer and Polycarbonate/Cellulose Nanofiber Nanocomposites

Cited by 42 publications

References 48 publications

Development and Optimization of Medical-Grade Multi-Functional Polyamide 12-Cuprous Oxide Nanocomposites with Superior Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties for Cost-Effective 3D Printing

Development and Optimization of Medical-Grade Multi-Functional Polyamide 12-Cuprous Oxide Nanocomposites with Superior Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties for Cost-Effective 3D Printing

Size and print path effects on mechanical properties of material extrusion 3D printed plastics

Medical-Grade Polyamide 12 Nanocomposite Materials for Enhanced Mechanical and Antibacterial Performance in 3D Printing Applications

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