Mechanical performance and moisture absorption of various natural fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites

Robertson, Nicole-Lee M.; Nychka, John A.; Alemaskin, Kirill; Wolodko, John

doi:10.1002/app.39237

Cited by 47 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The increasing awareness of and demand for greener and more sustainable materials, the soaring prices of petroleum-based plastics (Robertson et al 2013;Arjmandi et al 2015), and environmental friendliness regulations regarding recycling issues have attracted the attention of researchers in the field of composites worldwide. Because rice husk and straw are major waste products worldwide, the utilization of agricultural waste is of prime importance, second only to the utilization of industrial wastes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Rice Husk-Incorporated Recycled Thermoplastic Blend Composites

Chen¹,

Ahmad²,

Gan³

2016

BioResources

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High-fiber-content composites made from rice husk (RH) (from 50 up to 80 wt%) as well as a recycled thermoplastic blend (rTPB) were fabricated using a two-step extrusion and hot/cold press molding technique. The temperature dependency of the thermal degradation and dynamicmechanical behavior was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The long-term water absorption and orthotropic swelling were analyzed following immersion in distilled, tap, and sea water for 15 weeks. Improvements in the thermal stability, storage, and loss modulus, as well as reductions in dimensional stability, were observed as the alkali content of the RH in the rTPB composites was increased. The composites immersed in sea water showed the lowest water absorption, followed by those in distilled and then tap water. The thickness dimension of the composite specimens exhibited the highest swelling values, followed by width and then length dimensions. The tensile strength and elastic modulus showed the maximum values at 70 wt% RH (21.2 MPa and 1.6 GPa, respectively). The surface morphology, interfacial adherence, and bonding between the matrix-fiber phases in the composites were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Rice Husk-Incorporated Recycled Thermoplastic Blend Composites

Chen¹,

Ahmad²,

Gan³

2016

BioResources

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“…Their fibre volume fraction rarely exceeds 40% [4,13,18,27]. It can reach 50% when using pultrusion or injection moulding processes [4,27,57].…”

Section: Fibre Content and Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most studies [12,17,18,27,59], Fick's second law of diffusion is used to model the global water absorption behaviour of the composite. However, even if this model gives accurate results…”

Section: Fickian Diffusion Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All results are in agreement regarding the decrease of the mechanical properties but the fibres, the matrix, the thickness, the surface, the manufacturing process and the ageing conditions are very different from one study to another. In some cases, the composites are immersed in sea water [13,59], distilled water [4,11,12,16,27] and even sometimes in tap water [14,18]. In other studies, the samples are conditioned under a certain percentage of relative humidity [17].…”

Section: Ageing Of Flax Fibre Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental resistance of flax/bio-based epoxy and flax/polyurethane composites manufactured by resin transfer moulding

Nils

Dumont

Hubert

2016

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

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In recent years, many car manufacturers such as Audi, BMW and Ford have developed natural fibre composite components. The driver behind developing interior parts with natural fibres as reinforcement is to save weight without compromising mechanical properties, with the additional benefit of moving towards a more sustainable part production. Current biocomposites are based on the application of short, non-woven natural fibres. However, bonding hydrophilic natural fibres to a hydrophobic polymeric matrix can sometimes lead to a relatively poor interface, mostly because of the different polarities of the two components. In addition, natural fibre composites are highly sensitive to water absorption. The aim of this study was to compare the physical properties two biocomposites: (1) a flax/bio-based epoxy and (2) a flax/polyurethane. In fact, polyurethane is synthesized by polyaddition of an poly-isocyanate and a polyol, an alcohol containing several hydroxyl groups. Flax fibres are mainly composed of cellulose, a natural polymer that presents multiple hydroxyl groups. A crosslinking reaction between the polyurethane matrix and the cellulose in the fibres could increase the interface strength. Both materials were manufactured using a resin transfer moulding (RTM) process in order to maximize the fibre volume fraction and were reinforced with the same flax woven fabric.Composite samples were then aged at 90% RH and 30°C. The results showed that both composites followed a Fickian diffusion behaviour and that flax/polyurethane composites were less sensitive to moisture ageing than flax/bio-epoxy composites. The chemical bonds between the hydroxyl groups of the fibres and the isocyanate lead to a stronger interface which improved the mechanical properties as compared to the flax/bio-epoxy composites. When exposed to moisture, the flax/polyurethane composites show more stable mechanical performances, especially the short beam strength, the compressive strength and the compressive modulus.Scanning electron micrographs were taken to look at the interface between the flax elementary fibres and the polymer matrix and clearly showed a better fibre/matrix adhesion in the case of the flax/polyurethane composites. Finally, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was performed to study the evolution of the glass transition temperature ( ) in function of the water uptake for composite samples immersed in distilled water at 30°C. III ABREGEDepuis plusieurs années, de nombreux constructeurs automobiles dont Audi, BMW et Ford ont développé des pièces en composite renforcés par des fibres naturelles. Le développement de composants pour les intérieurs de voiture renforcé par des fibres naturelles permet d'économiser du poids sans pour autant compromettre les propriétés mécaniques, avec l'avantage supplémentaire de produire des pièces dans un matériau plus durable. Les biocomposites actuels contiennent surtout des fibres naturelles courtes, non-tissés. Toutefois, l'adhésion de fibres naturelles hydrophiles à une matrice polymère hydrop...

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“…Despite the various advantages, these fibers had a number of disadvantages, when used as reinforcements, such as lower impact strength, higher moisture absorption and poor thermal stability (Athijayamani et al, 2009;Ghasemi & Farsi, 2010;Robertson et al, 2013). However, the applications of natural fibers as reinforcement for polymer composites were reduced by the hydrophilic nature of natural fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and wear behaviors of untreated and alkali treated Roselle fiber-reinforced vinyl ester composite

Manickam¹,

Kumar²,

Athijayamani³

et al. 2015

J Engin Res

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Mechanical and wear behaviors of untreated and alkali treated Roselle fiber-reinforced vinyl ester composite 98 Mechanical and wear behaviors of untreated and alkali treated Roselle fiber-reinforced vinyl ester compositeChinnappan Manickam*, Jagadisan Kumar**, Ayyanar Athijayamani*** and Natesan Diwahar**** ABSTRACTIn the present communication, the effect of mercerization or alkali (NaOH) treatment on mechanical and wear behavior of chopped Roselle fiber-reinforced vinyl ester (CRFRV) composite have been studied as the function of fiber content. The results show that the tensile, flexural and impact strength values of untreated and treated fiber composites increased with increasing fiber content up to 40 wt% and then dropped. It was observed that the better fiber content (weight percentage) for better mechanical properties is 40 wt% at both the untreated and treated fiber composites. The wear resistance of the composites fabricated with treated Roselle fibers was found to be of better wear resistance composites fabricated by untreated fibers.

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Mechanical performance and moisture absorption of various natural fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites

Cited by 47 publications

References 19 publications

Characterization of Rice Husk-Incorporated Recycled Thermoplastic Blend Composites

Characterization of Rice Husk-Incorporated Recycled Thermoplastic Blend Composites

Environmental resistance of flax/bio-based epoxy and flax/polyurethane composites manufactured by resin transfer moulding

Mechanical and wear behaviors of untreated and alkali treated Roselle fiber-reinforced vinyl ester composite

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