Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) is a biodegradable aliphatic polyester and is semicrystalline in nature. It has a wide range of engineering applications owing to its attractive combination of good processability and mechanical properties. PBS nanocomposites with graphene nanosheets were prepared by melt compounding. We report on their structure and their thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties. The thermal stability of the nanocomposite increased by 358C compared with that of neat PBS. The crystallization and melting behavior of the PBS matrix in the presence of dispersed graphene nanosheets were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and polarised optical microscope. We also observed an interesting phenomenon in the PBS/graphene nanocomposites from our FTIR investigation. b-form of PBS crystals are formed in the composite samples with 5 wt% graphene loading, which otherwise forms in pure PBS only under stress. We observed 12% modulus enhancement for 2 wt% PBS/graphene nanocomposites. The electrical conductivity increased to 10 5 -fold for 5 wt% PBS/graphene nanocomposites. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:E42-E48, 2017.