Mechanical models of viscoelasticity

Hajikarimi, Pouria; Nejad, Fereidoon Moghadas

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821210-3.00003-6

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…While the published model examined the effects of transient changes in membrane tension on leading edge network organization, we incorporated dynamic forces acting on the actin network due to extracellular fluid of a defined viscosity into the current model. We introduced viscous resistive force into the model using a linear-viscous dashpot 61 where viscous loading forces on the leading edge scaled linearly with extracellular viscosity. The total force per unit width at the leading edge can be described as…”

Section: Stochastic Model Of Actin Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular fluid viscosity enhances cell migration and cancer dissemination

Bera

Kiepas

Godet

et al. 2022

Nature

156

135

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Cells respond to physical stimuli, such as stiffness1, fluid shear stress2 and hydraulic pressure3,4. Extracellular fluid viscosity is a key physical cue that varies under physiological and pathological conditions, such as cancer5. However, its influence on cancer biology and the mechanism by which cells sense and respond to changes in viscosity are unknown. Here we demonstrate that elevated viscosity counterintuitively increases the motility of various cell types on two-dimensional surfaces and in confinement, and increases cell dissemination from three-dimensional tumour spheroids. Increased mechanical loading imposed by elevated viscosity induces an actin-related protein 2/3 (ARP2/3)-complex-dependent dense actin network, which enhances Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) polarization through its actin-binding partner ezrin. NHE1 promotes cell swelling and increased membrane tension, which, in turn, activates transient receptor potential cation vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) and mediates calcium influx, leading to increased RHOA-dependent cell contractility. The coordinated action of actin remodelling/dynamics, NHE1-mediated swelling and RHOA-based contractility facilitates enhanced motility at elevated viscosities. Breast cancer cells pre-exposed to elevated viscosity acquire TRPV4-dependent mechanical memory through transcriptional control of the Hippo pathway, leading to increased migration in zebrafish, extravasation in chick embryos and lung colonization in mice. Cumulatively, extracellular viscosity is a physical cue that regulates both short- and long-term cellular processes with pathophysiological relevance to cancer biology.

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Section: Stochastic Model Of Actin Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular fluid viscosity enhances cell migration and cancer dissemination

Bera

Kiepas

Godet

et al. 2022

Nature

156

135

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“…It is also important to note that we chose covalently crosslinked PEG hydrogel for our experiment to minimize the viscoelastic effect of the hydrogels. This effect is the result of irreversible shifting/migration of polymer molecular segments during constant loading of mechanical forces and could dampen the tension signal while we image the cells . In principle, the magnitude of viscoelastic effects is determined by the number of molecular segments that take part in irreversible migration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-Covalent Nuclease-Resistant and Hydrogel-Tethered DNA Hairpin Probes Map pN Cell Traction Forces

Rashid,

Dong,

Ogasawara

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Cells sense and respond to the physical properties of their environment through receptor-mediated signaling, a process known as mechanotransduction, which can modulate critical cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, and survival. At the molecular level, cell adhesion receptors, such as integrins, transmit piconewton (pN)-scale forces to the extracellular matrix, and the magnitude of the force plays a critical role in cell signaling. The most sensitive approach to measuring integrin forces involves DNA hairpin-based sensors, which are used to quantify and map forces in living cells. Despite the broad use of DNA hairpin sensors to study a variety of mechanotransduction processes, these sensors are typically anchored to rigid glass slides, which are orders of magnitude stiffer than the extracellular matrix and hence modulate native biological responses. Here, we have developed nuclease-resistant DNA hairpin probes that are all covalently tethered to PEG hydrogels to image cell traction forces on physiologically relevant substrate stiffness. Using HeLa cells as a model cell line, we show that the molecular forces transmitted by integrins are highly sensitive to the bulk modulus of the substrate, and cells cultured on the 6 and 13 kPa gels produced a greater number of hairpin unfolding events compared to the 2 kPa substrates. Tension signals are spatially colocalized with pY118-paxillin, confirming focal adhesion-mediated probe opening. Additionally, we found that integrin forces are greater than 5.8 pN but less than 19 pN on 13 kPa gels. This work provides a general strategy to integrate molecular tension probes into hydrogels, which can better mimic in vivo mechanotransduction.

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“…Viscoelasticity is the property that polymers must behave like an elastic solid and a viscous fluid [2]. Elastic deformation is instantaneous and independent of time.…”

Section: Viscoelasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A good, more correct approximation that has been obtained to simulate the viscoelastic behavior of polymers is to use a combined model that considers the Kelvin-Voigt and Maxwell models and adjusts more to the real behavior, which is applicable from the point of view engineering [7]. In this model, the two models are coupled in series, according to the Figure 8, where the first component corresponds to the Maxwell model and the second component corresponds to the Kelvin-Voigt model.…”

Section: Combined Model (Burgers)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological Model of Materials for 3D Printing by Material Extrusion

Fuentes¹

2023

Advances in 3D Printing

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In this chapter, the viscoelastic model of Maxwell and Kevin-Voigt and the rheological model are described. The operation and characteristic equations of a capillary rheometer are explained, as well as the Bagley and Rabinowitch corrections. Next, the method used to determine the viscosity of semicrystalline polymer is explained, using the capillary rheometer. Finally, the Rabinowitch is explained to define a rheological model that determines the viscosity of materials using a capillary rheometer.

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Mechanical models of viscoelasticity

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Extracellular fluid viscosity enhances cell migration and cancer dissemination

Extracellular fluid viscosity enhances cell migration and cancer dissemination

All-Covalent Nuclease-Resistant and Hydrogel-Tethered DNA Hairpin Probes Map pN Cell Traction Forces

Rheological Model of Materials for 3D Printing by Material Extrusion

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