“…In early efforts, backfat thickness was measured by a metal ruler probe (Hazel and Kline 1952), but this approach was later replaced by electronic ultrasonic devices. Purebred breeders entered test pens (generally sets of sibs, usually boars) for testing and evaluation.…”
Pathogens
SWINE
FEED
~~PORK
FacilitiesSchedule Labor
Explanation of FrontispiecePork production is accomplished by the synchronization and conversion of swine breeding stock and feed resources minimizing antagonistic effects of weather and pathogens. Producers and researchers have developed systems of facilities and labor coordinated with appropriate scheduling of management and husbandry practices to support this conversion and to counteract the negative forces. The objective is efficient and, thus, profitable utilization of swine, feed, facility, labor, and capital resources to obtain nutritious lean products for the consumer. This book strives to provide the current biological knowledge and principles to support the design and implementation of improved systems of the future.
“…In early efforts, backfat thickness was measured by a metal ruler probe (Hazel and Kline 1952), but this approach was later replaced by electronic ultrasonic devices. Purebred breeders entered test pens (generally sets of sibs, usually boars) for testing and evaluation.…”
Pathogens
SWINE
FEED
~~PORK
FacilitiesSchedule Labor
Explanation of FrontispiecePork production is accomplished by the synchronization and conversion of swine breeding stock and feed resources minimizing antagonistic effects of weather and pathogens. Producers and researchers have developed systems of facilities and labor coordinated with appropriate scheduling of management and husbandry practices to support this conversion and to counteract the negative forces. The objective is efficient and, thus, profitable utilization of swine, feed, facility, labor, and capital resources to obtain nutritious lean products for the consumer. This book strives to provide the current biological knowledge and principles to support the design and implementation of improved systems of the future.
“…This has been an evolutionary process as exemplified in the case of pigs by development of fat measuring techniques applied to the live animal. The scalpel probe procedure for direct measurement of back fat (Hazel and Kline, 1952) was followed by ultrasonic methods (Hazel and Kline, 1959). The latter may be superseded by another electronic device which appears capable of measuring lean body mass as opposed to subcutaneous fat.…”
Section: The Definition and Evaluation Of Meritmentioning
Since its inception early in the present century, the science of animal breeding h a been directed toward the effective application of quantitative genetic theory for improvement of animal populations. This has involved developing and refining biometrical techniques for estimating genetic parameters, designing mating systems for efficient utilization of additive and nonadditive genetic variance, developing :riteria of net merit that have both genetic and economic relevance, and designing practic ' testing procedures for evaluating genetic differences in productive merit. While the mmir "mphasis has been on quantitative Inheritance, attention has also been given to qualitative ~,t:netics, specifically in respect of defective conditions and disease resistance, and to the implications of chromosomal aberrations. Controlled laboratory studies, designed to test genetic theory, have demonstrated the considerable potential that exists for improving animal productivity through manipulation of the genetic variability in animal populations. To date, relatively little of this potential has been utilized in commercial livestock populations and, while substantial genetic improvement has been achieved by the process of b r e d substitution, it is clear that the science of animal breeding has progressed far beyond its practical application. For this reason, the emphasis in the science has gradually shifted from refinement of theory to the more practical issues involved in effective application at the industry level.
“…technique by Hazel and Kline (1952) For personal use only. (Fredeen 1977 .34(3.36) Smith et al 1962 .41(3.26) Smith and Ross 1965 of experimental design (Table 3 …”
Section: Development Of the Backfat Probingmentioning
Reports reported annually for the Canadian ROP swine testing program provide no evidence of genetic trends in the seed stock herds enrolled. Small herd size (< 8 sows), short average life span of these herds (< 5 yr)
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