Mechanical loading and how it affects bone cells: The role of the osteocyte cytoskeleton in maintaining our skeleton

Klein‐Nulend, Jenneke; Bacabac, Rommel G.; Bakker, Astrid D.

doi:10.22203/ecm.v024a20

Cited by 277 publications

(227 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…Under conditions of normal mechanical loading, osteocytes produce multiple signaling molecules, which stimulate bone formation [9]. The canonical Wnt pathway, known to have an important role in bone formation, appears to play a critical role with data from both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating an up-regulation of the Wnt pathway after mechanical loading [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disuse osteoporosis: A better understanding of pathophysiology may lead to potential therapies

Milsom¹,

Lin²,

Cornish³

et al. 2016

J Diabetol Endocrinol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disuse osteoporosis: A better understanding of pathophysiology may lead to potential therapies

Milsom¹,

Lin²,

Cornish³

et al. 2016

J Diabetol Endocrinol

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“…Though rapid and convenient, the contribution of the tumour microenvironment cannot be assessed in these assays, while this could alter drug response significantly. Cells undergo biomechanical stimulation from shear stress due to blood flow, or mechanical forces from surrounding muscle contractility or body impact, and alter their behaviour in response [88,89] . EWS cells are no different, and several models have been reported taking this into account [90][91][92] .…”

Section: In Vitro Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular genetics of Ewing sarcoma, model systems and finding novel (immuno-) therapeutic targets

Ent¹,

Sand²,

Hogendoorn³

2018

JTGG

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Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is a bone-and soft tissue tumour affecting primarily children and young adults. A quarter of patients present with metastases at the time of diagnosis and have a poor outlook in terms of overall survival. Efforts are made across the field to gain deeper insight in the genetics of this enigmatic neoplasm. EWS is characterized by presence of an oncogenic translocation gene, EWSR1-ETS. In addition, there are a limited number of known recurrent DNA copy number variations and mutations. Subsequent of the above, the epigenetic profile of EWS is subject of interest. In this review, we summarize the current available knowledge on the genetics underpinning EWS, explore the current knowledge of its epigenetic profile, discuss in vitro and in vivo model systems, and explore the unravelling knowledge of potential targets for treatment including recent insights into potential immunotherapy.

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“…The importance of mechanostimuli for bone remodeling is recognized and described in "Wolff's law," which maintains that bone will adapt to the loads under which it is placed, becoming weaker if the load decreases 30) . The osteocyte embedded in the intra-bone cavity perceives the load on the bones while maintaining connections with other osteocytes mediated by thin cellular processes 31) . Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) has been shown to act as a differentiation factor for the osteoclast by stimulating precursor cells.…”

Section: Effects Of Exercise On Human Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular mechanotransduction of physical force and organ response to exercise-induced mechanical stimuli

Yano

Choudhury

Islam

et al. 2015

JPFSM

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The variable effects of mechanical stimuli induced by exercise on the human body are becoming better understood. Additionally, the indispensable effect of constant gravity on the human body to construct and maintain living organisms is known from observed muscle and bone regression induced by long-term recumbency or visits to gravity-free environments, such as space. Based on reactions of the body, cells faced with various inputs largely depend on gene expression, biochemical processes, or both. Thus, it is easy to imagine that physical input can be converted into a chemical process. The conversion process that changes physical forces (mechanical stimuli) into chemical reactions in a cell is called mechanotransduction. A growing number of studies examining mechanotransduction have led to a new phase in the understanding of exercise-induced effects on organisms.

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Mechanical loading and how it affects bone cells: The role of the osteocyte cytoskeleton in maintaining our skeleton

Cited by 277 publications

References 104 publications

Disuse osteoporosis: A better understanding of pathophysiology may lead to potential therapies

Disuse osteoporosis: A better understanding of pathophysiology may lead to potential therapies

Molecular genetics of Ewing sarcoma, model systems and finding novel (immuno-) therapeutic targets

Cellular mechanotransduction of physical force and organ response to exercise-induced mechanical stimuli

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