“…The axial alignment of the onlay specimens over the tooth cavity was achieved using a dental inspector apparatus (Ney surveyor TM , Ney-Tech, Bellevue, WA, USA), as seen in Figure 1 E. The onlay inner surfaces were grit-blasted with 50 μm alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) at 2 bar and 10 mm away from the surface for 20 s. Surfaces were ultrasonically rinsed in isopropyl alcohol for 10 min, then in distilled water for 10 min. The inner surfaces of the onlays were conditioned with a silane compound (Ceramic bond TM , VOCO GmbH, Cluxhaven, Germany) over a period of 60 s, then gently oil-free air dried for 5 s following the manufacturer’s instructions [ 2 , 6 ]. Lastly, the inner surfaces were conditioned by a universal adhesive (Futurabond M+ TM , VOCO GmbH, Cluxhaven, Germany) by rubbing with a microbrush for 20 s. An oil-free air was applied onto the adhesive layer for 5 s to remove any solvents [ 2 , 6 ].…”