Mechanical impact of epithelial−mesenchymal transition on epithelial morphogenesis in Drosophila

Gracia, Mélanie; Theis, Sophie; Proag, Amsha; Benassayag, Corinne; Suzanne, Magali

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-10720-0

Cited by 62 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…We did not observe that the exposure to UV laser and Ca 2+ uncaging noticeably affected the further behavior of the target cells and surrounding tissue. Furthermore, in order to rule out that UV laser induced cell apoptosis during uncaging, we employed a reporter of apoptosis in the amnioserosa, where we can demonstrate the functionality of the reporter due to the normal presence of apoptotic cells during dorsal closure (Fig EV2A). We detected reporter signal in apoptotic cells but not in target cells subject to uncaging.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo optochemical control of cell contractility at single‐cell resolution

Kong

Häring

et al. 2019

EMBO Reports

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The spatial and temporal dynamics of cell contractility plays a key role in tissue morphogenesis, wound healing, and cancer invasion. Here, we report a simple optochemical method to induce cell contractions in vivo during Drosophila morphogenesis at single‐cell resolution. We employed the photolabile Ca2+ chelator o‐nitrophenyl EGTA to induce bursts of intracellular free Ca2+ by laser photolysis in the epithelial tissue. Ca2+ bursts appear within seconds and are restricted to individual target cells. Cell contraction reliably followed within a minute, causing an approximately 50% drop in the cross‐sectional area. Increased Ca2+ levels are reversible, and the target cells further participated in tissue morphogenesis. Depending on Rho kinase (ROCK) activity but not RhoGEF2, cell contractions are paralleled with non‐muscle myosin II accumulation in the apico‐medial cortex, indicating that Ca2+ bursts trigger non‐muscle myosin II activation. Our approach can be, in principle, adapted to many experimental systems and species, as no specific genetic elements are required.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo optochemical control of cell contractility at single‐cell resolution

Kong

Häring

et al. 2019

EMBO Reports

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“…A key feature of many of these models is that apical constriction shrinks the outer, apical surface relative to the inner, basal surface, which generates an inward curvature when the two surfaces are connected. In the simplest case, this principle can create curvature without accounting for other cell shape changes , although these other shape changes (e.g., apical-basal forces and forces from ectoderm cells) are likely to affect the speed or the extent of invagination (Conte et al 2012;Perez-Mockus et al 2017;Gracia et al 2019). Consistent with the proposed key role for apical constriction, the patterned optogenetic activation of RhoA in the early embryo can induce ectopic invaginations (Izquierdo et al 2018).…”

Section: Consequences Of Apical Constriction: Invagination Vs Ingresmentioning

confidence: 86%

The Physical Mechanisms ofDrosophilaGastrulation: Mesoderm and Endoderm Invagination

Martin

2020

Genetics

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A critical juncture in early development is the partitioning of cells that will adopt different fates into three germ layers: the ectoderm, the mesoderm, and the endoderm. This step is achieved through the internalization of specified cells from the outermost surface layer, through a process called gastrulation. In Drosophila, gastrulation is achieved through cell shape changes (i.e., apical constriction) that change tissue curvature and lead to the folding of a surface epithelium. Folding of embryonic tissue results in mesoderm and endoderm invagination, not as individual cells, but as collective tissue units. The tractability of Drosophila as a model system is best exemplified by how much we know about Drosophila gastrulation, from the signals that pattern the embryo to the molecular components that generate force, and how these components are organized to promote cell and tissue shape changes. For mesoderm invagination, graded signaling by the morphogen, Spätzle, sets up a gradient in transcriptional activity that leads to the expression of a secreted ligand (Folded gastrulation) and a transmembrane protein (T48). Together with the GPCR Mist, which is expressed in the mesoderm, and the GPCR Smog, which is expressed uniformly, these signals activate heterotrimeric G-protein and small Rho-family G-protein signaling to promote apical contractility and changes in cell and tissue shape. A notable feature of this signaling pathway is its intricate organization in both space and time. At the cellular level, signaling components and the cytoskeleton exhibit striking polarity, not only along the apical–basal cell axis, but also within the apical domain. Furthermore, gene expression controls a highly choreographed chain of events, the dynamics of which are critical for primordium invagination; it does not simply throw the cytoskeletal “on” switch. Finally, studies of Drosophila gastrulation have provided insight into how global tissue mechanics and movements are intertwined as multiple tissues simultaneously change shape. Overall, these studies have contributed to the view that cells respond to forces that propagate over great distances, demonstrating that cellular decisions, and, ultimately, tissue shape changes, proceed by integrating cues across an entire embryo.

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“…During gastrulation and organogenesis, epithelial cells have to detach from their united cell structure and migrate through mesenchymal tissue layers in order to form tissues and organs. For this propose, cells must gain the properties to move, penetrate and decompose extracellular-matrix constituents 42,43. From a biological point of view, EMT can be divided into three subtypes: Type I occurs during embryogenesis; type II takes place during wound healing and type III occurs during metastasis of carcinomas 44.…”

Section: Nasal Mucosal Epithelial–mesenchymal Transition (Emt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Current Understanding of Nasal Epithelial Cell Mis-Differentiation</p>

Scherzad¹,

Hagen²,

Hackenberg³

2019

JIR

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The functional role of the respiratory epithelium is to generate a physical barrier. In addition, the epithelium supports the innate and acquired immune system through various cytokines and chemokines. However, epithelial cells are also involved in the pathogenesis of various respiratory diseases, some of which are mediated by increased permeability of the mucosal membrane or disturbed mucociliary transport. In addition, it has been shown that epithelial cells are involved in the development of inflammatory respiratory diseases. The following review article focuses on the aspects of epithelial mis-differentiation, in particular with respect to nasal mucosal barrier function, epithelial immunogenicity, nasal epithelial–mesenchymal transition and nasal microbiome.

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Mechanical impact of epithelial−mesenchymal transition on epithelial morphogenesis in Drosophila

Cited by 62 publications

References 35 publications

In vivo optochemical control of cell contractility at single‐cell resolution

In vivo optochemical control of cell contractility at single‐cell resolution

The Physical Mechanisms ofDrosophilaGastrulation: Mesoderm and Endoderm Invagination

<p>Current Understanding of Nasal Epithelial Cell Mis-Differentiation</p>

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