Mechanical, hormonal, and hypertrophic adaptations to 10weeks of eccentric and stretch-shortening cycle exercise training in old males

Váczi, Márk; Nagy, Szilvia Anett; Kőszegi, Tamás; Ambrus, Míra; Bogner, Péter; Perlaki, Gábor; Orsi, G.; Tóth, Katalin; Hortobágyi, Tibor

doi:10.1016/j.exger.2014.07.013

Cited by 32 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The sample size of this study consisted of eight people in each group, as determined by the G power 3.10 program. A previous study [25] showed a significant difference in maximal voluntary contraction in two groups of healthy older adult subjects (n =16, p =.017). Results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (SD).…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 83%

Effects of Lower Extremity Eccentric-Based Training on Muscle Strength and Physical Function in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Daeyoung¹,

Oh²,

Song³

et al. 2019

Exerc Sci

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INTRODUCTIONSkeletal muscle function is the most important element of a healthy and active life in older adults and is closely related to every kind of physical effort [1]. Despite the natural phenomenon of losing muscle mass and strength in the aging process, this has recently been recognized as a disease and has been defined as sarcopenia [2]. The reason for this is that muscle atrophy due to aging is part of several functional disorders, including decreased muscle strength and flexibility, vulnerability to injury, and delayed functional recovery [3][4][5]. Compared to young and middleaged adults, people aged 70-85 years old experience a 30% decrease in muscle mass [6].Resistance training has become a strategy to prevent muscle atrophy [7].It also improves physical function, muscle strength, and the ability to maintain muscle mass [8]. Recently, mechanism-based (power training, eccentric training, high intensity interval training, hybrid electrical stimulation training) interventions incorporated with age-related changes have been attempted in exercise interventions for older adults [9-12]. The age- ORIGINAL ARTICLE PURPOSE:Reduced muscular strength is a key player in loss of physical function and quality of life in older adults. It has been reported that eccentric training has positive effects on the preservation of eccentric strength, produces less delayed onset muscle soreness, and has a lower metabolic cost for older individuals. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of eccentric-based training on skeletal muscle strength and physical function in older adults. METHODS:Sixteen healthy older subjects (over the age of 65) participated either in eccentric training group (ETG, n=8) or in conventional resistance training group (CTG, n=8) twice a week for eight weeks. The ETG group performed motorized eccentric training, and the CTG group performed a leg press using air pressure. Physical function and muscular strength assessments were performed before and after 8 weeks. The primary outcomes for physical function included gait speed, stair climbing, and the chair stand test, and the secondary outcomes included muscle strength and power. RESULTS:The ETG group demonstrated significant improvements in physical function (gait speed and stair climbing) and muscle strength (isokinetic strength and power in knee tests) (p<.05) compared to the CTG group after 8 weeks. There were no significant differences for chair stand test (p>.05) after 8 weeks. CONCLUSIONS:Motorized eccentric-based training was more effective in improving muscle strength and physical function in aged individuals than conventional resistance training, which s suggests that eccentric training is may be more beneficial for older individuals to improve overall physical function.

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Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 83%

Effects of Lower Extremity Eccentric-Based Training on Muscle Strength and Physical Function in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Daeyoung¹,

Oh²,

Song³

et al. 2019

Exerc Sci

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“…The purpose of this study was to investigate skeletal muscle of young (3‐month‐old) Snell dwarf mice and their littermate controls at the onset and completion of 1 month of resistance training with stretch‐shortening contractions (SSCs), contractions typical during resistance‐type exercise training (Vaczi et al, 2014, 2011). The SSC protocol consisted of 80 maximally activated SSCs (8 sets with 10 repetitions per set) and has been validated repeatedly to increase performance for muscles of rats and mice (Cutlip et al, 2006; Rader et al, 2016; Rader, Naimo, Ensey, & Baker, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VCAM‐1 upregulation accompanies muscle remodeling following resistance‐type exercise in Snell dwarf (Pit1^dw/dw) mice

et al. 2018

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Snell dwarf mice (Pit1dw/dw) exhibit deficiencies in growth hormone, prolactin, and thyroid stimulating hormone. Besides being an experimental model of hypopituitarism, these mice are long‐lived (>40% lifespan extension) and utilized as a model of slowed/delayed aging. Whether this longevity is accompanied by a compromised quality of life in terms of muscular performance has not yet been characterized. In this study, we investigated nontrained and trained muscles 1 month following a general validated resistance‐type exercise protocol in 3‐month‐old Snell dwarf mice and control littermates. Nontrained Snell dwarf gastrocnemius muscles exhibited a 1.3‐fold greater muscle mass to body weight ratio than control values although muscle quality, maximum isometric torque normalized to muscle mass, and fatigue recovery were compromised. For control mice, training increased isometric torque (17%) without altering muscle mass. For Snell dwarf mice, isometric torque was unaltered by training despite decreased muscle mass that rendered muscle mass to body weight ratio comparable to control values. Muscle quality and fatigue recovery improved twofold and threefold, respectively, for Snell dwarf mice. This accompanied a fourfold increase in levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1), a mediator of progenitor cell recruitment, and muscle remodeling in the form of increased number of central nuclei, additional muscle fibers per unit area, and altered fiber type distribution. These results reveal a trade‐off between muscle quality and longevity in the context of anterior pituitary hormone deficiency and that resistance‐type training can diminish this trade‐off by improving muscle quality concomitant with VCAM‐1 upregulation and muscle remodeling.

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“…Subjects performed three maximal isometric contractions with the trained quadriceps at the 70° knee angle, which was within the range of the optimal knee angles reported by others (Becker and Awiszus,2001; Brughelly et al, 2010). The highest torque value of the three trials was used for further analysis (Váczi et al, 2014). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Actin, Gelsolin and Orosomucoid Levels after Eccentric Exercise

Tékus

Váczi

Horváth‐Szalai

et al. 2017

Journal of Human Kinetics

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Mechanical, hormonal, and hypertrophic adaptations to 10weeks of eccentric and stretch-shortening cycle exercise training in old males

Cited by 32 publications

References 54 publications

Effects of Lower Extremity Eccentric-Based Training on Muscle Strength and Physical Function in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Effects of Lower Extremity Eccentric-Based Training on Muscle Strength and Physical Function in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

VCAM‐1 upregulation accompanies muscle remodeling following resistance‐type exercise in Snell dwarf (Pit1^dw/dw) mice

Plasma Actin, Gelsolin and Orosomucoid Levels after Eccentric Exercise

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Mechanical, hormonal, and hypertrophic adaptations to 10weeks of eccentric and stretch-shortening cycle exercise training in old males

Cited by 32 publications

References 54 publications

Effects of Lower Extremity Eccentric-Based Training on Muscle Strength and Physical Function in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Effects of Lower Extremity Eccentric-Based Training on Muscle Strength and Physical Function in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

VCAM‐1 upregulation accompanies muscle remodeling following resistance‐type exercise in Snell dwarf (Pit1dw/dw) mice

Plasma Actin, Gelsolin and Orosomucoid Levels after Eccentric Exercise

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VCAM‐1 upregulation accompanies muscle remodeling following resistance‐type exercise in Snell dwarf (Pit1^dw/dw) mice