Mechanical Fabrication of Thermoplastic Polymers

Alfrey, Turner

doi:10.1002/anie.197401051

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The clustering tendency of benzene in oriented PS is greater than in unoriented PS. It is known that polymer chains are oriented in PS foams and that this orientation is a result of the expansion of the blowing agent bubbles . However, it is still not clear as to which molecular orientation arises during this process.…”

Section: Theory Of Equilibrium Sorption and Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Study of Sorption and Diffusion of n-Pentane in Polystyrene

et al. 2013

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Polystyrene (PS) foams are widespread heat insulation and impact absorption materials, but many blowing agents used in their production are harmful to the environment. Pentane is a less harmful alternative and is commonly used in the manufacturing of expandable PS, but there are inadequate diffusion data of pentane in PS available in the literature at conditions relevant to PS impregnation and foaming. We conducted gravimetric measurements of sorption dynamics of n-pentane in PS particles and thin films at temperatures from 45 to 110°C and pressures from 0 to 4.8 bar. The measured data were fitted using the Fick's and case II diffusion models and the obtained transport parameters are presented together with an analysis of the dominant diffusion mechanism. We also present the Flory−Huggins interaction parameter for the PS + n-pentane system and show that it can be used to accurately predict the sorption equilibria. This paper thus provides important parameters for the optimization of PS foam production.

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Section: Theory Of Equilibrium Sorption and Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that polymer chains are oriented in PS foams and that this orientation is a result of the expansion of the blowing agent bubbles. 38 However, it is still not clear as to which molecular orientation arises during this process. Further research is thus required to better understand this topic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of Sorption and Diffusion of n-Pentane in Polystyrene

et al. 2013

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“…Surprisingly, crystals of phase A underwent heating-induced SCTSC transition and generated the crystals of phase B with thermoplastic bending behavior (bendable at to 240°C), a kind of mechanical property which is usually observed in linear polymers such as polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, and polyoxymethylene. 38 To the best of our knowledge, organic single crystals exhibiting thermoplastic bending have not been well demonstrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Optical Waveguiding Organic Crystal with Phase-Dependent Elasticity and Thermoplasticity over Wide Temperature Ranges

2021

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“…The crystals of phase A exhibit elastic bending in the temperature range from 77 to 423 K. Heating the crystals to 433 K induces a single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCTSC) phase transition, resulting in crystals of phase B that exhibit thermoplastic bending behavior (bendable at 393–513 K). Upon cooling below 393 K, the new shape of phase B can be retained, and the crystal can be reshaped when heated again above 393 K. This unique property is similar to those of linear polymers (e.g., poly(vinyl chloride), polystyrene, and paraformaldehyde), allowing organic crystals of phase B to be morphed thermally to the desired shape. In addition, by measuring the optical waveguides of the bent crystals A and B , their potential application in flexible optical devices was assessed.…”

Section: Stimuli-responsive Optical Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Flexible Organic Crystals for Dynamic Optical Transmission

Lan,

Li,

Naumov

et al. 2023

Chem. Mater.

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In recent years, studies of organic optical waveguide materials have emerged as a cutting-edge research area driven by their inherent advantages, such as low optical losses, structural versatility, and attractive optical properties. Notably, organic crystals exhibiting a high refractive index and optical transparency have gained attention as prospective materials for next-generation optoelectronic devices. However, unlike viscoelastic polymers with flexible chains, organic single crystals composed of densely arranged anisotropic organic small molecules have not been considered viable as functional materials due to their mechanical rigidity and fragility. Recently, the solid-state research community has witnessed a breakthrough in developing flexible organic crystalline materials, bringing a unique class of soft yet ordered engineering materials with plasticity or elasticity poised to revolutionize the concept of organic crystalline electronics. Recent works have demonstrated the feasibility of flexible organic crystals in optical transmission and have developed a variety of elastic organic crystals with different structures and functions, opening up opportunities for the design of flexible single-crystalline electronic devices. The first elastic organic crystalline optical waveguide has been prepared by building on the elasticity and luminescent properties of such organic crystals. Subsequently, various flexible organic crystals have been discovered and reported, enabling the realization of self-doped crystal waveguides, three-dimensional optical waveguides, phosphorescent waveguides, polarization rotators, and other optical elements. Through molecular design strategies, such as the construction of π-conjugated systems and introduction of heteroatoms, as well as by employing the principles of crystal engineering, researchers have developed flexible crystalline waveguiding materials with extraordinary mechanical properties, including elastic or thermoplastic bending and stimulus-specific deformation. The applications of these optically functional flexible organic crystals have been extended to low/high-temperature environments. Furthermore, combining flexible organic crystals with inorganic/polymeric materials by self-assembly techniques has led to the development of new hybrid functional materials such as solvent-resistant-coated crystals, humidity- and temperature-responsive actuators, and magnetically controllable hybrid materials. These advancements have paved the way for novel applications of organic crystals in flexible devices, such as sensors, soft robots, and optoelectronic devices.

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Mechanical Fabrication of Thermoplastic Polymers

Abstract: One of the most important features influencing the mechanical behavior of a fabricated thermoplastic item is the spatial arrangement of the polymer molecules. Znter aka processes developed for controlling the pattern of orientation of the polymer molecules are discussed.

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Experimental Study of Sorption and Diffusion of n-Pentane in Polystyrene

Experimental Study of Sorption and Diffusion of n-Pentane in Polystyrene

An Optical Waveguiding Organic Crystal with Phase-Dependent Elasticity and Thermoplasticity over Wide Temperature Ranges

Flexible Organic Crystals for Dynamic Optical Transmission

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