Mechanical Enhancement of Sensitivity in Natural Rubber Using Electrolytic Polymerization Aided by a Magnetic Field and MCF for Application in Haptic Sensors

Shimada, Kunio; Saga, Norihiko

doi:10.3390/s16091521

Cited by 25 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The figures shown in this section are the results of using the same experimental procedures used in the previous report [3].…”

Section: Other Effects On Electrolytical Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Detailed Mechanism and Engineering Applicability of Electrolytic Polymerization Aided by a Magnetic Field in Natural Rubber by Mechanical Approach for Sensing (Part 2): Other and Intrinsic Effects on MCF Rubber Property

Shimada¹,

Saga²

2016

WJM

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The same ordinary electrolytic polymerization of plastic-type polymer solution is applicable to natural rubber, with its C=C bonds, if a magnetic field and a filler are added. With the application of a magnetic field and the magnetic responsive fluid known as magnetic compound fluid (MCF), we have clarified the enhancement of the electrolytic polymerization of NR-latex and the growth of the thickness of vulcanized MCF rubber that results from the addition of a magnetic field. The present new method of MCF rubber vulcanization is effective for use in haptic sensors, which are used widely in various engineering applications. In the previous report, part 1 of this study, we investigated many experimental conditions under mechanical approach for sensing: magnetic field strength; applied voltage; electrodes gap; mass concentration, and the ingredients of the MCF. In the present sequential report, part 2, we investigate many other effects on electrolytic polymerization by the same mechanical approach for sensing as in part 1: the Mullins effect; the Piezo effect; vibration; kind of electrode; atmospheric gas. In particular, we clarify that the voltage generates spontaneously in the MCF rubber and that the MCF rubber becomes a Piezo element. These effects on the electrolytic polymerization as well as the effects of the experimental conditions will be useful in engineering applications. By taking the abovementioned parameters and effects into account, MCF rubber that is electrolytically polymerized with the aid of a magnetic field, the use of MCF as a filler, and doping, can be useful in haptic sensor applications. In particular, the effectiveness of the Piezo element can be shown.

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“…The figures shown in this section are the results of using the same experimental procedures used in the previous report [3].…”

Section: Other Effects On Electrolytical Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Shimada has proposed a new method of electrolytic polymerization that involves adding a magnetic field and an MCF as a filler [2] [3]. MCF is a colloidal fluid containing Fe 3 O 4 and other metal particles on the order of 10 nm dispersed in a solvent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed Mechanism and Engineering Applicability of Electrolytic Polymerization Aided by a Magnetic Field in Natural Rubber by Mechanical Approach for Sensing (Part 2): Other and Intrinsic Effects on MCF Rubber Property

Shimada¹,

Saga²

2016

WJM

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“…Our previous study elucidated the configuration of the electrolytic polymerization of MCF rubber, compounded of MCF and natural rubber (NR-latex). The physical model is shown in Figure 1 [6]. When a magnetic field is applied, the Fe3O4 particles play a bonding role among the metal particles, causing numerous metal and Fe3O4 particles to aggregate as designated by E in Figure 1 (also see Figure A1 in the Appendix).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors declare no conflict of interest. Figure A1 shows a cross-section of the solidified MCF rubber by electrolytic polymerization as observed by microscope [6]. The upper side touches the anode and the lower side the cathode when electricity is applied.…”

Section: Conflicts Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To realize an elastic solar cell, we used a method we developed for solidifying natural rubber by electrolytic polymerization, together with the configuration of magnetic clusters of metal particles incorporated into the rubber by application of a magnetic field [6]. The rubber corresponds to the MCF rubber that we previously demonstrated is not only elastic, flexible and extensible, but also sensitive to piezoelectricity and piezo-resistivity [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elastic Dry-Type Solar Cell Rubber with Photovoltaics and Piezoelectricity for Compressive Sensing

Shimada

2017

The 4th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications

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Ordinary solar cells are too hard to bend, squash by compression, or extend by tensile strength. However, if it were possible to have elastic, flexible and extensible properties, as well as piezoelectricity, that material would be useful and effective for the artificial skin installed over a human-like robot. It could serve as a husk that generates electric power from solar energy, and perceives any force or temperature changes. To realize an elastic solar cell, in this study we develop a novel solar cell made of natural rubber and electrolytically polymerized with a configuration of magnetic clusters of metal particles by adding a magnetic field. The material corresponds to the MCF rubber we developed as an elastic, flexible, and extensible sensor made of natural rubber. The MCF rubber solar cell is dry-type one. The changing of its photovoltaics by irradiation of visible light was measured under the compression.

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Emerging Material Technologies for Haptics

Biswas

Visell

2019

Adv Materials Technologies

108

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The sense of touch is involved in nearly all human activities, but information technologies for displaying tactile sensory information to the skin are rudimentary when compared to state‐of‐the‐art video and audio displays, or to tactile perceptual capabilities. Realizing tactile displays with good perceptual fidelity will require major advances in engineering, design, and fabrication. Research over several decades has highlighted the difficulties of meeting the required performance benchmarks using conventional devices, processes, and techniques. This has highlighted the important role that will be played by new material technologies that can bridge the electronic and mechanical domains. This must occur at the smallest scales, because of the great perceptual spatial and temporal acuity of the sense of touch. The requirements involved also furnish valuable performance benchmarks against which many emerging material technologies are being evaluated. This article highlights recent research and possibilities enabled through new material technologies, ranging from organic electronic materials, to carbon nanomaterials, and a variety of composites. Emerging material technologies are surveyed for the sense of touch, including sensory considerations and requirements, materials, actuation principles, and design and fabrication methods. A conclusion reflects on the main open challenges and future prospects for research in this area.

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Mechanical Enhancement of Sensitivity in Natural Rubber Using Electrolytic Polymerization Aided by a Magnetic Field and MCF for Application in Haptic Sensors

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

Detailed Mechanism and Engineering Applicability of Electrolytic Polymerization Aided by a Magnetic Field in Natural Rubber by Mechanical Approach for Sensing (Part 2): Other and Intrinsic Effects on MCF Rubber Property

Detailed Mechanism and Engineering Applicability of Electrolytic Polymerization Aided by a Magnetic Field in Natural Rubber by Mechanical Approach for Sensing (Part 2): Other and Intrinsic Effects on MCF Rubber Property

Elastic Dry-Type Solar Cell Rubber with Photovoltaics and Piezoelectricity for Compressive Sensing

Emerging Material Technologies for Haptics

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