Mechanical, Dynamic-Mechanical, Thermal and Decomposition Behavior of 3D-Printed PLA Reinforced with CaCO3 Fillers from Natural Resources

Pavón, Cristina; Aldás, Miguel; Motoc, Dana Luca; Bou, Santiago Ferrándiz; López‐Martínez, Juan

doi:10.3390/polym14132646

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The eggshell’s fascinating and developed nanoporous structure can lead to a complex interaction of the ES with the polymer matrix. More and more scientific reports show the results of using biogenic egg filler to modify polymers based on polystyrene, polypropylene, polypropylene, epoxy, NBR, LLDPE, HDPE, PLA, PVA, and PLA [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. The ES in epoxy resin has functioned as a flame retardant and smoke suppression modifier [ 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste Eggshells as a Natural Filler for the Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Composites

et al. 2022

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The paper presents the characteristics of unplasticized PVC composites modified with biofiller obtained from the waste eggshells of hen eggs. The composites obtained by extrusion contained from 10 phr to 40 phr of biofiller. The filler was characterized using the SEM, TG, and sieve analysis methods. The influence of the filler on the processing properties was determined using plastographometric and MFR tests. Fundamental analysis of mechanical properties was also performed, i.e., Charpy impact strength and determination of tensile properties. The mechanical properties were supported with dynamical mechanical thermal analysis, time of thermal stability, and thermogravimetric analysis. Structure analysis was also performed using SEM and X-ray microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). The processing properties of the tested composites do not give grounds for disqualifying such material from traditional processing PVC mixtures. Notably, the biofiller significantly improves thermal stability. Ground eggshells (ES) work as scavengers for the Cl radicals released in the first stage, which delays the PVC chain’s decay. Additionally, a significant increase in the value of the modulus of elasticity and softening point (VST) of the composites concerning PVC was found. Ground hen eggshells can be used as an effective filler for PVC composites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste Eggshells as a Natural Filler for the Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Composites

et al. 2022

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“…[ 28,31 ] In particular, the onset decomposition temperature of materials corresponds to a temperature of 5% weight loss. [ 50 ] As Table 4 shows, T 5% of the fiber‐reinforced L‐PA composites was 361.5°C. Therefore, the 3D‐printing temperature for the BF/L‐PA composite filaments had to be controlled below 361.5°C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fabrication parameters on the mechanical properties of short basalt‐fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composites for fused deposition modeling‐based 3D printing

et al. 2023

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This study develops sustainable and recyclable basalt fiber (BF)-reinforced flexible plastic low-temperature polyamide (L-PA) filaments for fused deposition modeling (FDM)-3D printing and optimizes fabrication parameters to achieve eco-friendliness, high mechanical performance, and lightweight FDM-fabricated composite parts. Herein, 15 wt% fiber-filled composite filaments were prepared by an extrusion process. Three manufacturing parameters, including printing temperature, printing speed, and layer height, were investigated for their effects on the tensile and compression properties through Taguchi L9 orthogonal experiments. To obtain a suitable printing temperature range, the thermal behaviors of the composite filaments were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and melt flow factor measurements. In addition, the FDM-printed specimen surface and tensile fracture interface after tensile tests were observed and analyzed by SEM. Results show that the printing temperature has the greatest effect on the mechanical properties of the BF/L-PA composites, followed by the layer height, whereas the printing speed has the least effect. This indicates that better mechanical properties can be obtained at higher printing temperatures and lower layer heights. Compared with neat L-PA, adding BF to L-PA improves the tensile modulus, tensile strength, and specific energy absorption per volume without sacrificing ductility, showing the maximal increases of 176.6%, 142.0%, and 172.2%, respectively, as compared with neat L-PA. A SEM micrograph reveals that the primary factors for these improvements are the fibers acting as reinforcement filling in the L-PA matrix and the good bonding properties between the adjacent infills in a single layer and among successive layers.

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“…[8][9][10] PLA offers rather good balanced properties (mechanical, thermal, biodegradation, transparency, barrier, and so on) and processability. [11] Nevertheless, one of its main drawbacks is related to its intrinsic brittleness, due to poor ductile behavior, which hinders its massive use, mainly in the packaging industry. Hence, much research on PLA has focused on improving toughness.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/mame202300022mentioning

confidence: 99%

Esters of Cinnamic Acid as Green Plasticizers for Polylactide Formulations with Improved Ductility

Barandiaran

Gomez‐Caturla

Martínez

et al. 2023

Macro Materials & Eng

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This study demonstrates the potential of different cinnamate esters, namely methyl trans‐cinnamate (MC), isobutyl cinnamate (IBC), allyl cinnamate (AC), and ethyl cinnamate (EC), as environmentally friendly plasticizers for polylactide (PLA). Plasticized PLA formulations with a constant nominal wt% of 20 of each plasticizer are compounded in a twin‐screw co‐rotating extruder and subsequently processed by injection molding. The results show exceptional plasticization efficiency of AC with an increase in elongation at break from 3.9% (neat PLA), up to 339.4% and a remarkable increase in impact strength, thus showing great potential to overcome the main drawback related to PLA intrinsic brittleness. The incorporation of cinnamates in a PLA matrix leads to a decrease in Tg from 61.7 °C down to 36.1 °C for the plasticized PLA formulation containing 20 wt% AC. Thermogravimetry analysis reveals that a slight plasticizer loss occurs during processing, as it happens with other monomeric plasticizers, but this phenomenon does not limit their plasticization efficiency. Therefore, the results obtained in this study confirm the suitability of a new family of organic compounds derived from the esterification of cinnamic acid as green plasticizers for PLA with improved toughness, with comparable, or even superior, ductile properties of typical plasticizers for PLA.

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Mechanical, Dynamic-Mechanical, Thermal and Decomposition Behavior of 3D-Printed PLA Reinforced with CaCO3 Fillers from Natural Resources

Cited by 18 publications

References 39 publications

Waste Eggshells as a Natural Filler for the Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Composites

Waste Eggshells as a Natural Filler for the Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Composites

Effects of fabrication parameters on the mechanical properties of short basalt‐fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composites for fused deposition modeling‐based 3D printing

Esters of Cinnamic Acid as Green Plasticizers for Polylactide Formulations with Improved Ductility

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