“…In the realm of ceramic materials, TiC serves as a widely recognized reinforcement agent in metal composites owing to its impressive combination of features, such as high elastic modulus, elevated Vickers hardness, a high melting point, excellent thermal conductivity, superior flexure strength, remarkable thermal shock resistance, and exceptional resistance to corrosion and oxidation . And it also revealed attractive characteristics such as adequate inertness to body fluid, excellent biocompatibility, and greater tribological properties. − Zirconia (ZrO 2 ) is a notably important oxide material, exhibiting outstanding characteristics, including mechanical strength, osseointegration, biocompatibility, shock resistance, and thermal stability. Within diverse dental and orthopedic applications, ZrO 2 has been employed for the replacement and restoration of impaired components in the human body. , Low-density hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), commonly referred to as white graphene, has shown significant interest due to its outstanding mechanical, optical, and thermal properties. − Among the notable characteristics displayed by h-BN, particular emphasis has been placed on its biocompatibility, bioinertness, low bacterial adhesion, and resistance to oxidation and corrosion, capturing the attention for biomedical applications of both scientific and industrial communities. ,, Therefore, TiC, ZrO 2 , and h-BN have been preferred as substitutes to develop acceptable mechanical strength as well as biological performances of pure HAp for bone implants and other biomedical applications.…”