Mechanical culture conditions effect gene expression: gravity-induced changes on the space shuttle

Hammond, Timothy G.; Benes, Edmund; O'Reilly, K.; Wolf, David; Linnehan, R. M.; Taher, Achmad; Kaysen, James H.; Allen, Patricia; Goodwin, Thomas J.

doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.2000.3.3.163

Cited by 142 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Mechanical culture conditions in the quiescent microgravity environment of spaceflight are characterized by significant reductions in fluid shear (41,60). This is because convection currents are essentially absent in microgravity (60,61).…”

Section: Microgravity and Low Fluid Shearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Responses to Microgravity and Other Low-Shear Environments

Nickerson

Ott

Wilson

et al. 2004

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

322

348

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Microbial adaptation to environmental stimuli is essential for survival. While several of these stimuli have been studied in detail, recent studies have demonstrated an important role for a novel environmental parameter in which microgravity and the low fluid shear dynamics associated with microgravity globally regulate microbial gene expression, physiology, and pathogenesis. In addition to analyzing fundamental questions about microbial responses to spaceflight, these studies have demonstrated important applications for microbial responses to a ground-based, low-shear stress environment similar to that encountered during spaceflight. Moreover, the low-shear growth environment sensed by microbes during microgravity of spaceflight and during ground-based microgravity analogue culture is relevant to those encountered during their natural life cycles on Earth. While no mechanism has been clearly defined to explain how the mechanical force of fluid shear transmits intracellular signals to microbial cells at the molecular level, the fact that cross talk exists between microbial signal transduction systems holds intriguing possibilities that future studies might reveal common mechanotransduction themes between these systems and those used to sense and respond to low-shear stress and changes in gravitation forces. The study of microbial mechanotransduction may identify common conserved mechanisms used by cells to perceive changes in mechanical and/or physical forces, and it has the potential to provide valuable insight for understanding mechanosensing mechanisms in higher organisms. This review summarizes recent and future research trends aimed at understanding the dynamic effects of changes in the mechanical forces that occur in microgravity and other low-shear environments on a wide variety of important microbial parameters

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Section: Microgravity and Low Fluid Shearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Responses to Microgravity and Other Low-Shear Environments

Nickerson

Ott

Wilson

et al. 2004

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

322

348

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The potential contribution of gene expression microarray technology to expand our understanding of the gene expression under different culture conditions was validated. Further, additional targeted experiments are needed to investigate the mechanisms of specific gene expressions by protein assays because it is possible that the shear force induced by RWV bioreactor might cause a different pattern of biological responses than obtained from a cell culture exposed in an Earth orbital micro-g laboratory setting (Hammond et al, 2000). Also gene responses might be expected to exhibit a temporal dynamic.…”

Section: Shear Stress Respondersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, in the human osteosarcoma cell line M-63, gene expression of collagen I a1, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin was reduced compared with unit-g control (Carmeliet et al, 1997). Specific transcription factors of kidney cells exposed to micro-g conditions under-went large changes, including the genes regulation of Wilms' tumor zinc finger protein and the vitamin D receptor (Hammond et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of simulated microgravity on oxidation-sensitive gene expression in PC12 cells

Kwon

Sartor

Tomlinson

et al. 2006

Advances in Space Research

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Oxygen utilization by and oxygen dependence of cellular processes may be different in biological systems that are exposed to microgravity (micro-g). A baseline in which cellular changes in oxygen sensitive molecular processes occur during micro-g conditions would be important to pursue this question. The objective of this research is to analyze oxidation-sensitive gene expression in a model cell line [rat pheochromocytoma (PC12)] under simulated micro-g conditions. The PC12 cell line is well characterized in its response to oxygen, and is widely recognized as a sensitive model for studying the responses of oxygen-sensitive molecular and cellular processes. This study uses the rotating wall vessel bioreactor (RWV) designed at NASA to simulate micro-g. Gene expression in PC12 cells in response to micro-g was analyzed by DNA microarray technology. The microarray analysis of PC12 cells cultured for 4 days under simulated micro-g under standardized oxygen environment conditions revealed more than 100 genes whose expression levels were changed at least twofold (up-regulation of 65 genes and down-regulation of 39 genes) compared with those from cells in the unit gravity (unit-g) control. This study observed that genes involved in the oxidoreductase activity category were most significantly differentially expressed under micro-g conditions. Also, known oxidation-sensitive transcription factors such as hypoxia-inducible factor-2α, c-myc, and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ were changed significantly. Our initial results from the gene expression microarray studies may provide a context in which to evaluate the effect of varying oxygen environments on the background of differential gene regulation of biological processes under variable gravity conditions.

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“…Both adherent (e.g., carcinoma cells and fibroblasts) and suspension cells (e.g., lymphocytes), primary and transformed, have been used in space and ground-based experiments to study the complex influence of a reduced gravitational force on mammalian cell growth and function, including effects on gene expression 9,10,28 and cytoskeletal organization 29,30 as well as the effects of cosmic radiation on DNA damage repair 5,11 and cytokine secretion. 5,31 Nevertheless, most cellbased studies are being performed with individual cells, either in suspension, or as adherent monolayers cultured on hard, flat surfaces.…”

Section: Biological Model Systems For Space Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Invited Review Article: Advanced light microscopy for biological space research

Vos

Beghuin²,

Schwarz

et al. 2014

Review of Scientific Instruments

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As commercial space flights have become feasible and long-term extraterrestrial missions are planned, it is imperative that the impact of space travel and the space environment on human physiology be thoroughly characterized. Scrutinizing the effects of potentially detrimental factors such as ionizing radiation and microgravity at the cellular and tissue level demands adequate visualization technology. Advanced light microscopy (ALM) is the leading tool for non-destructive structural and functional investigation of static as well as dynamic biological systems. In recent years, technological developments and advances in photochemistry and genetic engineering have boosted all aspects of resolution, readout and throughput, rendering ALM ideally suited for biological space research. While various microscopy-based studies have addressed cellular response to space-related environmental stressors, biological endpoints have typically been determined only after the mission, leaving an experimental gap that is prone to bias results. An on-board, real-time microscopical monitoring device can bridge this gap. Breadboards and even fully operational microscope setups have been conceived, but they need to be rendered more compact and versatile. Most importantly, they must allow addressing the impact of gravity, or the lack thereof, on physiologically relevant biological systems in space and in ground-based simulations. In order to delineate the essential functionalities for such a system, we have reviewed the pending questions in space science, the relevant biological model systems, and the state-of-the art in ALM. Based on a rigorous trade-off, in which we recognize the relevance of multi-cellular systems and the cellular microenvironment, we propose a compact, but flexible concept for space-related cell biological research that is based on light sheet microscopy.

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Mechanical culture conditions effect gene expression: gravity-induced changes on the space shuttle

Cited by 142 publications

References 19 publications

Microbial Responses to Microgravity and Other Low-Shear Environments

Microbial Responses to Microgravity and Other Low-Shear Environments

Effect of simulated microgravity on oxidation-sensitive gene expression in PC12 cells

Invited Review Article: Advanced light microscopy for biological space research

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