Mechanical characterization of FDM 3D printing of continuous carbon fiber reinforced PLA composites

Heidari-Rarani, M.; Rafiee-Afarani, M.; Zahedi, A.M.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107147

Cited by 406 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…When FDM printed FRC are subjected to tensile loading, the failure mainly occurs due to fibre breakage. By analysing the fracture surfaces of the FRC tensile specimens, it is visible that fibre pull-out is also one of the reasons for the failure [ 204 , 205 ].…”

Section: Common Defects In Fdm Printed Polymers and Fibre-reinforcmentioning

confidence: 99%

FDM-Based 3D Printing of Polymer and Associated Composite: A Review on Mechanical Properties, Defects and Treatments

2020

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Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is one of the fastest-growing additive manufacturing methods used in printing fibre-reinforced composites (FRC). The performances of the resulting printed parts are limited compared to those by other manufacturing methods due to their inherent defects. Hence, the effort to develop treatment methods to overcome these drawbacks has accelerated during the past few years. The main focus of this study is to review the impact of those defects on the mechanical performance of FRC and therefore to discuss the available treatment methods to eliminate or minimize them in order to enhance the functional properties of the printed parts. As FRC is a combination of polymer matrix material and continuous or short reinforcing fibres, this review will thoroughly discuss both thermoplastic polymers and FRCs printed via FDM technology, including the effect of printing parameters such as layer thickness, infill pattern, raster angle and fibre orientation. The most common defects on printed parts, in particular, the void formation, surface roughness and poor bonding between fibre and matrix, are explored. An inclusive discussion on the effectiveness of chemical, laser, heat and ultrasound treatments to minimize these drawbacks is provided by this review.

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Section: Common Defects In Fdm Printed Polymers and Fibre-reinforcmentioning

confidence: 99%

FDM-Based 3D Printing of Polymer and Associated Composite: A Review on Mechanical Properties, Defects and Treatments

2020

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“…In [15], 3D FDM printed bi-material laminates made of PLA and PLA Carbon Black (PLA CB) (using different raster orientations) were investigated and the mechanical behaviour was analyzed via the Classical Lamination Theory (CLT). In [16], the FDM technique was also applied to continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites and an innovative extruder for the FDM process was developed. Parandoush and Lin [17] and Popescu et al [18] wrote useful review papers about the different printing methods such as Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM), StereoLithography (SL) and Extrusion and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tensile and Compressive Behavior in the Experimental Tests for PLA Specimens Produced via Fused Deposition Modelling Technique

Brischetto

Torre

2020

J. Compos. Sci.

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In this paper, polymeric specimens are produced via the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) technique. Then, experimental tensile and compression tests are conducted to evaluate the main mechanical properties of elements made of PolyLacticAcid (PLA) material. A standardized characterization test method for FDM 3D printed polymers has not been developed yet. For this reason, the ASTM D695 (usually employed for polymers produced via classical methods) has been here employed for FDM 3D printed polymers after opportune modifications suggested by appropriate experimental checks. A statistical analysis is performed on the geometrical data of the specimens to evaluate the machine process employed for the 3D printing. A capability analysis is also conducted on the mechanical properties (obtained from the experimental tests) in order to calculate acceptable limits useful for possible structural analyses. The Young modulus, the proportional limit and the maximum strength here defined for PLA specimens allow to confirm the different behavior of FDM printed PLA material in tensile and compressive state. These differences and the calculated acceptable limits for the found mechanical properties must be considered when this technology will be employed for the design of small structural objects made of PLA, as in the present study, or ABS (Acrilonitrile Butadiene Stirene). From the statistical and capability analysis, the employed printing process appears as quite stable and replicable. These types of research together with other similar ones that will be conducted in the future will allow to use polymeric materials and the FDM technique to produce small structural elements and also to carry out the appropriate verifications.

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“…PolyLactic Acid (PLA) and PolyLactic Acid Carbon Black (PLA CB) were selected as feedstock materials to print bi-material structures. The use of FDM technology was also extended to the production of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites; in order to perform this process, Heidari-Rarani et al (2019) developed an innovative extruder for the FDM technology. An interesting revision work about different technologies (e.g., Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM), StereoLithography (SL), Extrusion and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)) applied to the 3D printing of fiber reinforced polymers was proposed by Parandoush and Lin (2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Honeycomb Sandwich Specimens Made of PLA and Produced Via 3D FDM Printing Process: An Experimental Study

Brischetto¹,

Torre²

2020

Journal of Aircraft and Spacecraft Technology

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In recent years, the 3D Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) technology, usually employed for the production of nonstructural objects, has been also used by the present authors for the production of small structural elements where the applied loads are moderate. A typical application could be the production of small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) where stresses are not excessive. In these cases, the FDM technique can use polymers such as Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and PolyLacticAcid (PLA). The present work is an extension of a past authors' work where some sandwich configurations were proposed combining different materials (ABS or PLA) and different cores (homogeneous or honeycomb). In the present study, only PLA specimens embedding honeycomb cores are analyzed in order to understand if this selected lamination scheme could lead to an important weight reduction without significant decreases of mechanical properties. A capability analysis is performed on the geometrical parameters of the specimens (also comprising the weight) in order to investigate the stability of the printing process. A three-point bending test is conducted to evaluate the linear bending Young modulus and the ultimate bending stress. These mechanical properties are post-processed in order to conduct a capability analysis to propose the upper and lower specification limits to be used with confidence in appropriate structural analyses.

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Mechanical characterization of FDM 3D printing of continuous carbon fiber reinforced PLA composites

Cited by 406 publications

References 34 publications

FDM-Based 3D Printing of Polymer and Associated Composite: A Review on Mechanical Properties, Defects and Treatments

FDM-Based 3D Printing of Polymer and Associated Composite: A Review on Mechanical Properties, Defects and Treatments

Tensile and Compressive Behavior in the Experimental Tests for PLA Specimens Produced via Fused Deposition Modelling Technique

Honeycomb Sandwich Specimens Made of PLA and Produced Via 3D FDM Printing Process: An Experimental Study

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