Mechanical Characterization of a Thick-Walled Viscoelastic Hollow Cylinder under Multiaxial Stress Conditions

Abstract

A brief review of the mechanical characterization of viscoelastic materials under uniaxial, biaxial and multiaxial stress condition is carried out in this paper. Parametric analytical studies have been done in a simulated tubular specimen with different internal pressure loadings at various material properties. We observed that the relaxation modulus values obtained from the thick-walled hollow cylinder analyses are higher that the traditional uniaxial and biaxial test data under the same strain level. We noticed that during the initial period, the relaxation-modulus values are almost identical and later the relaxation modulus obtained from the thick-walled hollow cylinder analysis is found significantly higher than the uniaxial and the strip biaxial test data. We conjectured that in the initial stage the stress–strain ratios are almost independent of the geometry of the test specimen and subsequently the stress conditions vary according to the shape of the specimen because the relaxation modulus is found geometry dependent when loading time advances. Note that the main objective of this characterization is not to determine the magnitude of the stress actually present in the test specimen, but to help the designer to decide the best geometry in a realistic way according to the industrial applications from the viscoelastic stress relaxation point of view.

RETRACTED: Sanal Flow Choking: A Paradigm Shift in Computational Fluid Dynamics Code Verification and Diagnosing Detonation and Hemorrhage in Real‐World Fluid‐Flow Systems

“…Further discussion on the prediction and the prevention of the stroke and the MI are beyond the scope of this review article. Briefly, the discovery of Sanal flow choking, in diabatic flows causing memory effects [6,78,79] in thermoviscoelastic composite walls, is a scientific breakthrough for further research in base fluid flow and nanofluid flow [80] problems in physical, chemical, material and biological sciences.…”