Mechanical characterization and elastic stiffness degradation of unstabilized rammed earth

Gil‐Martín, Luisa María; Fernández-Ruiz, Manuel Alejandro; Hernández‐Montes, Enrique

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104805

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Rather, all the components are treated as homogeneous and isotropic materials [23,24]. The constitutive models of the materials considered in the FE models were obtained from laboratory tests [7,13].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The part of the Molino del Marqués de Rivas that is close to the foundation is made of SPs, above which there is a mix of brick and rammed earth walls (see different colours in Figure 10b). The behavioral curves (σ-ε) of the SPs and rammed earth materials were experimentally obtained from monotonic compression tests of several specimens [7,13]. A brick masonry wall was modelled with E = 900 MPa with a compressive strength of 5 MPa, considering linear elastic behaviour until failure.…”

Section: Finite Element Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influence of moisture content on the mechanical characteristics of rammed-earth [11] and the effect of freeze-thaw cycles in the durability of earthen constructions have been studied in [12]. The mechanical characterization of the type of unstabilized RE commonly used in Granada and a study of the creep behaviour of this material have recently been carried out with experimental campaign [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fragility Curves for Historical Structures with Degradation Factors Obtained from 3D Photogrammetry

Gil‐Martín

Hdz.-Gil

Kohrangi³

et al. 2022

Heritage

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The influence of the effects of the degradation of materials on the seismic fragility of Cultural Heritage buildings in Granada (Spain) is investigated. The degradation of the material, which mainly happens at the lower levels of the façades, is obtained by using 3D photogrammetry data. Fragility curves for three cultural heritage constructions in Granada are calculated by using FE nonlinear dynamic analyses for both non-deteriorated and deteriorated geometries. The Finite Elements (FE) models, based on the macro-modelling technique, are subjected to ground motions for the city of Granada, which were selected by considering Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) methodology with their probability of occurrence. The response of each model is analyzed for different seismic Intensity Measure (IM) levels, which, in this study, correspond to average pseudo-acceleration. The procedure is applied to three monuments in Granada that were built with two different constructions materials: calcarenite and rammed earth. The damage mechanisms considered are roof displacement or maximum compressive principal stress, depending on each case. The results show that the restoration works that have been carried out has prevented structural failures in the rammed earth construction studied, and that, during future seismic events, special attention must be paid to the level of compressive strengh reached in the Santa Pudia calcarenite used at the San Jerónimo monastery.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Finite Element Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fragility Curves for Historical Structures with Degradation Factors Obtained from 3D Photogrammetry

Gil‐Martín

Hdz.-Gil

Kohrangi³

et al. 2022

Heritage

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“…Despite the vast span of research devoted to this subject, most of the existing studies tend to be more focused on the elastic mechanical properties (Young's modulus) and compressive strength; to our knowledge, there are no existing studies on the visco-plastic behaviour of URE, which depends on time and hydric state. Gil-Martín et al [22] seem to be the first to show a degradation in the elastic stiffness of URE when studying the creep effect for 15 days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Moisture Content on the Elasto-Viscoplastic Behaviour of Rammed Earth Wall: New Findings

Chitimbo

Abdulsamad

Prime

et al. 2022

Construction Materials

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The influence of hydric state on the elasto-viscoplastic behaviour of a unstabilised rammed earth (URE) wall has yet to be studied in the literature. This paper presents an experimental campaign on a rammed earth wall. The aim is to evaluate the link between the mechanical properties (including viscosity) and the varying hydric state inside the drying wall after manufacture. Cyclic axial compression and stress relaxation tests were carried out for this purpose. A compression test was conducted up to 0.1 MPa, followed by a stress relaxation test. These tests were periodically performed over 32 weeks. In addition, the hydric state inside the wall was monitored by humidity sensors. The results show that both the elastic modulus and the dynamic viscosity coefficient increase as the structure dries. A dependence of the mechanical behaviour on time is therefore found in these samples in the transient state. This can occur when the sample is in the drying or wetting phase. As rammed earth is a material particularly sensitive to water, this result is crucial for the durability of earthen constructions.

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“…Frequently an ambient factor could derivate into or accelerate processes of structural damage. The material and structural behavior and techniques to improve their performance are often studied and incorporated in restoration works [15]- [20]. Also, the seismic response of these traditional structures has been studied, especially in regions with earthquake activity [21], [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Deterioration by Weathering of the Adobe from the Tausa Chapel (Colombia)

Camacho-Tauta,

Uribe-Kaffure,

Ramos-Cañón

2023

TecnoL.

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There is a significant number of structures in the world built with earth materials that deteriorate over time. Typically, this deterioration is neither quantified nor used as input for safety analysis of ancient infrastructure. The aim of this work is to propose a novel way to consider the influence of the weathering on the mechanical properties of adobe units. To achieve this objective, adobe samples recovered from a deteriorated sector (old adobe) of a colonial-style chapel built in adobe (Tausa, Colombia) and similar materials from a local soil deposit as a source for restoration of the chapel (new adobe) were studied. Samples using the new adobe were prepared by compaction under controlled moisture. Half of the samples of new adobe were exposed to ambient conditions while the other half and old adobe samples were subjected to accelerated ambient conditions by using a weathering machine (controlling UV radiation, temperature, and moisture). Samples were tested at different periods by unconfined and triaxial compression tests. Results show that old adobe is not sensitive to weathering while new adobe exhibit variations in strength and stiffness. It was observed that these properties in new adobe initially increase with exposure to weathering until reaching twice than those obtained in old adobe samples but tend to reduce with longer periods of exposure. Therefore, deterioration factors of up to two are proposed for vulnerability and safety analysis of new constructions in these materials. Deterioration factors are proposed to be used as a first approximation to quantify the climatic effect over the mechanical response of the adobe.

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Mechanical characterization and elastic stiffness degradation of unstabilized rammed earth

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Fragility Curves for Historical Structures with Degradation Factors Obtained from 3D Photogrammetry

Fragility Curves for Historical Structures with Degradation Factors Obtained from 3D Photogrammetry

Impact of Moisture Content on the Elasto-Viscoplastic Behaviour of Rammed Earth Wall: New Findings

Mechanical Deterioration by Weathering of the Adobe from the Tausa Chapel (Colombia)

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