Mechanical characteristics of a tunnel boring machine cutterhead during rock breaking: Physical model tests and transient dynamic analysis

Abstract

During tunnel excavation using a tunnel boring machine (TBM), the interaction between the cutter and the rock causes the cutterhead to generate abrupt vibrations, which could lead to engineering problems, such as bearing seal failure and even cutterhead cracking. In this study, large-scale physical model tests with various cutter spacings were performed to study the vibration and load characteristics of the cutterhead during the rock-breaking process. Through a TBM modal comprehensive test bench, the real-time acceleration of the cutterhead was obtained using a monitoring system. The test results showed that the complete time-domain curves were stepped and periodic. When the cutterhead was stuck or rock peeled off during the excavation, the monitoring curves showed abrupt vibrations, which were mainly concentrated at 0–3 Hz and were typical low-frequency vibrations. Taking measured data as the driving parameter, the real-time mechanical characteristics of the cutterhead were determined through transient dynamic analysis. Numerical simulation results showed that the vibration trend during excavation was the superposition of random vibrations generated by rock breaking and tunneling without rock cutting. During the tunneling process, the wear of the edge cutters should be highlighted in actual construction. The related methods and results can provide an essential reference for the selection of cutterheads.

Vibration prediction and analysis of the main beam of the TBM based on a multiple linear regression model

“…Zhou et al 11 relied on a water supply project in Northwest China, collected the vibration signals of the cutter head, and established their relationship with surrounding rock parameters. Yang et al 12 used laboratory tests to collect vibration data under various geological conditions. The vibration characteristics of the cutter head in soft and hard mixed strata were analysed.…”