Mechanical characterisation of a bone defect model filled with ceramic cements

Gisep, A.; Kugler, S.; Wahl, D.; Rahn, B. A.

doi:10.1023/b:jmsm.0000046387.70323.41

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Further details on the major properties of Norian SRS ® are available elsewhere [203,402]. Besides, the interested readers are suggested to get through the mechanical characterization of a bone defect model filled with ceramic cements [200].…”

Section: The Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations: Cements, Concretes, Pastes and Putties

Dorozhkin¹

2012

IJMC

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In early 1980s, researchers discovered self-setting calcium orthophosphate cements, which are a bioactive and biodegradable grafting material in the form of a powder and a liquid. Both phases after mixing form a viscous paste that after being implanted sets and hardens within the body as either a non-stoichiometric calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) or brushite, sometimes blended with un-reacted particles and other phases. As both CDHA and brushite are remarkably biocompartible and bioresorbable (therefore, in vivo they can be replaced with a newly forming bone), self-setting calcium orthophosphate cements represent a good correction technique of non-weight-bearing bone fractures or defects and appear to be very promising materials for bone grafting applications. Besides, these cements possess an excellent osteoconductivity, molding capabilities, and easy manipulation. Nearly perfect adaptation to the tissue surfaces in bone defects and a gradual bioresorption followed by new bone formation are additional distinctive advantages of calcium orthophosphate cements. Besides, reinforced formulations are available; those are described as calcium orthophosphate concretes. Furthermore, formulations with high viscosity, such as pastes and putties are also known. The discovery of self-setting formulations has opened up a new era in the medical application of calcium orthophosphates; several commercial compositions have already been introduced as a result. Many more formulations are in experimental stages. In this review, an insight into the self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations, as excellent biomaterials suitable for both dental and bone grafting applications, has been provided.

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Section: The Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since this material is weak under tensile forces, these cements can only be used either in combination with metal implants or in non-load bearing (e.g., craniofacial) applications [137,[197][198][199]. This is confirmed by the mechanical characterization of a bone defect model filled with ceramic cements [200].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations: Cements, Concretes, Pastes and Putties

Dorozhkin¹

2012

IJMC

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“…Recent studies have reported that the poor mechanical properties of CPCs under the physiologically relevant conditions of cyclic loading with a significant shear component 52 limit their use to nonload-bearing applications. 6,19 The weak shear and torsional properties of these materials have been attributed to their inherent brittleness; however, there are limited toughness and fatigue data.…”

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confidence: 99%

Balancing the Rates of New Bone Formation and Polymer Degradation Enhances Healing of Weight-Bearing Allograft/Polyurethane Composites in Rabbit Femoral Defects

Dumas

Prieto

Zienkiewicz

et al. 2014

Tissue Engineering Part A

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There is a compelling clinical need for bone grafts with initial bone-like mechanical properties that actively remodel for repair of weight-bearing bone defects, such as fractures of the tibial plateau and vertebrae. However, there is a paucity of studies investigating remodeling of weight-bearing bone grafts in preclinical models, and consequently there is limited understanding of the mechanisms by which these grafts remodel in vivo. In this study, we investigated the effects of the rates of new bone formation, matrix resorption, and polymer degradation on healing of settable weight-bearing polyurethane/allograft composites in a rabbit femoral condyle defect model. The grafts induced progressive healing in vivo, as evidenced by an increase in new bone formation, as well as a decrease in residual allograft and polymer from 6 to 12 weeks. However, the mismatch between the rates of autocatalytic polymer degradation and zero-order (independent of time) new bone formation resulted in incomplete healing in the interior of the composite. Augmentation of the grafts with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 not only increased the rate of new bone formation, but also altered the degradation mechanism of the polymer to approximate a zero-order process. The consequent matching of the rates of new bone formation and polymer degradation resulted in more extensive healing at later time points in all regions of the graft. These observations underscore the importance of balancing the rates of new bone formation and degradation to promote healing of settable weight-bearing bone grafts that maintain bone-like strength, while actively remodeling.

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“…Since this biomaterial is weak under tensile forces, such formulations can only be used either in combination with metal implants or in non-load bearing (e.g., craniofacial) applications [4,5,160,225]. This is confirmed by the mechanical characterization of a bone defect model filled with bioceramic cements [226]. To conclude this part, one must stress, that chemical Equations (1)-(6) for setting processes are valid for the in vitro conditions only.…”

Section: General Information and Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional details on the major properties of Norian SRS ® are available elsewhere [231,452]. Besides, the interested readers are suggested to get through the mechanical characterization of a bone defect model filled with ceramic cements [226].…”

Section: Nonporous Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations

Dorozhkin¹

2012

Calcium Orthophosphates

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Abstract:In early 1980s, researchers discovered self-setting calcium orthophosphate cements, which are bioactive and biodegradable grafting bioceramics in the form of a powder and a liquid. After mixing, both phases form pastes, which set and harden forming either a non-stoichiometric calcium deficient hydroxyapatite or brushite. Since both of them are remarkably biocompartible, bioresorbable and osteoconductive, self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations appear to be promising bioceramics for bone grafting. Furthermore, such formulations possess excellent molding capabilities, easy manipulation and nearly perfect adaptation to the complex shapes of bone defects, followed by gradual bioresorption and new bone formation. In addition, reinforced formulations have been introduced, which might be described as calcium orthophosphate concretes. The discovery of self-setting properties opened up a new era in the medical application of calcium orthophosphates and many commercial trademarks have been introduced as a result. Currently such formulations are widely used as synthetic bone grafts, with several advantages, such as pourability and injectability. Moreover, their low-temperature setting reactions and intrinsic porosity allow loading by drugs, biomolecules and even cells for tissue engineering purposes. In this review, an insight into the self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations, as excellent bioceramics suitable for both dental and bone grafting applications, has been provided.

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Mechanical characterisation of a bone defect model filled with ceramic cements

Cited by 32 publications

References 12 publications

Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations: Cements, Concretes, Pastes and Putties

Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations: Cements, Concretes, Pastes and Putties

Balancing the Rates of New Bone Formation and Polymer Degradation Enhances Healing of Weight-Bearing Allograft/Polyurethane Composites in Rabbit Femoral Defects

Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations

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