Mechanical behaviour of SMC composites with toughening and low density additives

Oldenbo, Magnus; Fernberg, Patrik; Berglund, Lars A.

doi:10.1016/s1359-835x(03)00155-6

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The SMC material observed by Oldenbo et al [8] featuring 21 vol % glass fibers, 20 vol % fillers, and 18 vol % of hollow glass spheres, only showed a slight anisotropy with a ratio of 1.21 for the elastic modulus measured in longitudinal (0 • ) and transverse (90 • ) directions. Tensile strength showed a ratio of 1.16.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Tensile strength showed a ratio of 1.16. No details were provided on mold coverage during molding within this study, making it difficult to compare the findings by Oldenbo et al [8] directly with the findings of this study. However, we assumed that a two-dimensional flow occurred, since the specimens for mechanical testing were extracted from a square mold.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Due to the mixing of the individual resin components in a vacuum atmosphere, entrapped air was minimized, leading to mechanical material properties comparable to and even better than standard SMC material investigated by different research groups [6][7][8]. This study aimed to determine the influence of fiber volume content, fiber length, and fiber orientation on the mechanical properties of a glass fiber-reinforced SMC based on a vinylester resin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SMC material investigated by Oldendo et al [8] featured a fiber volume content of 18-20% with approximately the same amount of hollow glass spheres and fillers. The material featured a density of 1.57 g/cm 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oldenbo et al [8] investigated the mechanical properties of SMC material developed for automotive exterior body panels containing hollow glass micro-spheres and thermoplastic toughening additives, compared to a conventional standard SMC containing CaCO 3 as filler. The hollow glass spheres reduced the density of the investigated material, but Young's modulus and compressive strength also decreased, which was explained by the replacement of stiffer CaCO 3 fillers by hollow glass spheres.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Quasi-Static and Dynamic Material Properties of a Structural Sheet Molding Compound Combined with Acoustic Emission Damage Analysis

2017

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Sheet molding compounds (SMC) are discontinuously fiber-reinforced thermosets, attractive to the automotive industry due to their outstanding specific strength and stiffness, combined with a cost efficient manufacturing process. Increasingly important for structural components, a structural SMC-based improved resin formulation featuring no fillers is investigated in this study. The influence of fiber volume content, fiber length, and manufacturing induced fiber orientation on quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties of vinylester-based SMC is characterized. Stiffness and strength increased with increasing fiber volume content for tensile, compression, and flexural loadings. Fiber length distribution did not significantly influence the mechanical properties of the material. The movement of the conveyor belt leads to an anisotropic fiber orientation and orientation-dependent mechanical properties. Acoustic emission coupled with machine learning algorithms enabled the investigation of the damage mechanisms of this discontinuous glass fiber SMC. The acoustic emission analysis was validated with micro computed tomography of damaged specimens. The dominant failure mechanisms of the SMC exposed to bending loading were matrix cracking and interface failure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Investigation of Quasi-Static and Dynamic Material Properties of a Structural Sheet Molding Compound Combined with Acoustic Emission Damage Analysis

2017

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Multiscale damage analysis of the tension‐tension fatigue behavior of a low‐density sheet molding compound

Shirinbayan

2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This article presents the experimental findings of tension-tension stresscontrolled fatigue tests performed on low-density sheet molding compound (LD-SMC). LD-SMC composite is a type of SMC including a polyester resin reinforced with chopped glass fibers bundles and hollow glass spheres. The coupled frequency-amplitude affects the nature of the overall fatigue response, which can be controlled by the damage mechanisms accumulation and/or by the self-heating. In fact, the self-heating produced a material softening and decreased the fatigue lifetime. For fatigue loading at 80 Hz, self-heating has been observed and yielded to a temperature rise to 65 C, which is more than a glass transition temperature of polyester. Thus, the polyester matrix is subjected to remarkable thermally activated modifications of its physical state. Multiscale damage analysis of the randomly-oriented sample in fatigue showed that the first observed damage phenomenon corresponds to the debonding of the hollow glass microspheres occurring in the fiber depleted zones.

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An incremental 2D constitutive model accounting for linear viscoelasticity and damage development in short fibre composites

Vārna

Oldenbo

2005

Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng

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SUMMARYA model accounting for linear viscoelasticity and microdamage evolution in short fibre composites is described. An incremental 2D formulation suitable for FE-simulation is derived and implemented in FE-solver ABAQUS. The implemented subroutine allows for simulation close to the final failure of the material. The formulation and subroutine is validated with analytical results and experimental data in a tensile test with constant strain rate using sheet moulding compound composites. FE-simulation of a four-point bending test is performed using shell elements. The result is compared with linear elastic solution and test data using a plot of maximum surface strain in compression and tension versus applied force. The model accounts for damage evolution due to tensile loading and neglects any damage evolution in compression, where the material has higher strength. Simulation and test results are in very good agreement regarding the slope of the load-strain curve and the slope change.

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Mechanical behaviour of SMC composites with toughening and low density additives

Cited by 34 publications

References 16 publications

Investigation of Quasi-Static and Dynamic Material Properties of a Structural Sheet Molding Compound Combined with Acoustic Emission Damage Analysis

Investigation of Quasi-Static and Dynamic Material Properties of a Structural Sheet Molding Compound Combined with Acoustic Emission Damage Analysis

Multiscale damage analysis of the tension‐tension fatigue behavior of a low‐density sheet molding compound

An incremental 2D constitutive model accounting for linear viscoelasticity and damage development in short fibre composites

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