Mechanical behaviour of epoxy resin-grouted sand under monotonic or cyclic loading

Anagnostopoulos, Costas A.; Sapidis, George M.

doi:10.1680/jgele.17.00063

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The elastic modulus was determined using the values from the linear segment of the compressive stress-strain curve. Previous research (Anagnostopoulos et al, 2014;Anagnostopoulos and Sapidis, 2017) has shown that epoxy resin grouted sands gain most of their final strength after 90 days of curing, after which noticeable improvement is not observed. For this reason, the current experimental program has studied the strength development of grouted specimens at curing ages up to 90 days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mechanical Properties of An Epoxy Resin and Bentonite-Grouted Sand

Anagnostopoulos¹,

Crysanidis²,

Zimou³

et al. 2019

RJASET

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The primary objective of the present study was the investigation of the usefulness or not of twocomponent water-soluble epoxy resin, alone or in combination with different quantities of bentonite, to improve the static and cyclic behavior of medium-fine sand. The effect of these resins on soil strengthening has not been properly investigated yet. The conduction of the experiments took place with the use of resin solutions having varying epoxy resin-to-water ratios. The impact of grouting on the static behavior of grouted sand was evaluated by performing unconfined compression tests on specimens prepared at different curing ages. Stress control mode at level of frequency of 1 Hz with varying load amplitudes was used to investigate the behavior of grouted sand subjected to cyclic type of loading. The study herein shows that the epoxy resins, especially when combined with bentonite, significantly improve the mechanical properties of the sand. In case successful grouting takes place, the foundation material could be stabilized using the resins above.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mechanical Properties of An Epoxy Resin and Bentonite-Grouted Sand

Anagnostopoulos¹,

Crysanidis²,

Zimou³

et al. 2019

RJASET

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The epoxy resin employed in this study is a two-component water soluble commercial product widely distributed in Greece. Bisphenol A (epichlorhydrin) is the epoxy resin (part A), with an average molecular weight of approximately 700, and aliphatic gly-cidylether (part B) is the reactant agent for the polymerisation of the resin [16,[18][19][20]23]. According to the manufacturer, the optimal mixture ratio (by weight) of the two parts is A:B = 3.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These tests showed a significantly higher compressive strength and elastic modulus of 10 MPa and 1,200 MPa, respectively. Anagnostopoulos et al [18,19] evaluated the mechanical properties of a medium siliceous sand prepared in two different relative densities D r of 50 and 90% and grouted with different ER compositions. They demonstrated that the improvement of strength parameters depends directly on D r and the epoxy resin to water (ER/W) ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Properties of Polymer Grouted Sands

Anagnostopoulos,

Aggelidis

2024

CivilEng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this research was to undertake laboratory testing to investigate the beneficial effects of epoxy resin grouts on the physical and mechanical properties of sands with a wide range of granulometric characteristics. Six sands of different particle size and uniformity coefficients were grouted using epoxy resin solutions with three ratios of epoxy resin to water (3.0, 2.0 and 1.5). A set of unconfined compressive strength tests were conducted on the grouted samples at different curing periods and a set of long-term unconfined compressive creep tests in dry and wet conditions after 180 days of curing were also carried out in order to evaluate the development of the mechanical properties of the sands, as well as the impact of water on them. The findings of the investigation showed that epoxy resin resulted in appreciable strength values in the specimens, especially those of fine sands or well graded sands, grouted with the different epoxy resin grouts. Whilst the higher compressive strength and elastic modulus values at the age of 180 days were obtained for the finer sand, which ranged from 2.6 to 5.6 MPa and 216 to 430 MPa, respectively, the lower compressive strength and elastic modulus values were attained for the coarser sand with low values of the coefficient of uniformity, which varied from 0.68 to 2.2 MPa and 75 to 185 MPa, respectively. Moreover, all grouted sands showed stable long-term creep behaviour, with high values of the creep limit ranging from 67.5 to 80% of compressive strength. The presence of water had a negative marginal effect in the majority of the grouted specimens. In terms of physical properties, the permeability and porosity were estimated. The permeability of fine sands or well graded sands was decreased by two to four orders of magnitude. Using laboratory results and regression analysis, three mathematical equations were developed that relate each of the dependent variables of compressive strength, elastic modulus and coefficient of permeability to particular explanatory variables.

show abstract

“…These specimens were employed in unconfined compressive strength tests after 3, 7, 30, 90 and 180 days of curing, in order to evaluate the increase of compressive strength and elastic modulus with time, as well as, unconfined creep strength tests after 180 days of curing. Although past research [14,16,19] reported that, for curing periods higher than 90 days, the polymerisation rate dramatically drops, resulting in marginal strength improvement, it was decided to investigate the mechanical properties of treated sands at curing ages of up to 180 days. This decision was made because the grouts utilised in this study had higher ER/W ratios than those of the grouts referred to in past studies, a fact that could influence the duration of the polymerisation reactions, resulting in the extension of the hardening process of polymer films beyond 90 days.…”

Section: Laboratory Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, some investigators have suggested two-component water soluble epoxy resin emulsions, which are among the most widely applied polymeric compounds in many construction and building restoration projects [8,9,10,11], as grouting agents that can significantly improve the properties of weak soils. According to the previous research activity 2 [12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19], these chemical substances enhance the mechanical properties (compressive strength, elastic modulus, shear strength, toughness, creep strength and liquefaction resistance) and reduce the permeability and compressibility of grouted soils. However, there is still a need for broadening the research, in order to highlight the effect of some key factors (mainly the mean grain size d50, the uniformity coefficient cu and the type of soil) on the properties of the grouted soil, as well as, the impact of moisture condition on the mechanical behaviour of grouted soils under static loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Properties of Polymer Grouted Sands

Anagnostopoulos,

Aggelidis

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this research was to undertake laboratory testing to investigate the beneficial effects of epoxy resin grouts on the physical and mechanical properties of sands with a wide range of granulometric characteristics. Six sands, of different particle size and uniformity coefficients, were grouted using epoxy resin solutions with three ratios of epoxy resin to water (3.0, 2.0 and 1.5). A set of unconfined compressive strength tests were conducted on grouted samples at different curing periods and a set of long-term unconfined compressive creep tests in dry and wet conditions after 180 days of curing were also carried out, in order to evaluate the development of the mechanical properties of the sands, as well as, the impact of water on them. The findings of the investigation showed that epoxy resin resulted in appreciable strength values in the specimens, especially those of fine sands, grouted with the different epoxy resin grouts. In general, the compressive strength varied between 0.68 - 5.60 MPa and the modulus of elasticity between 75 - 480 MPa, after a curing period of 180 days. In terms of physical properties, the permeability and porosity (before and after the grouting process) were estimated. Grouts with an epoxy resin to water ratio of 3 decreased permeability by up to four orders of magnitude. Using laboratory results and regression analysis, three mathematical equations were developed that relate each of the dependent variables; compressive strength, elastic modulus, and coefficient of permeability, with particular explanatory variables.

show abstract

Mechanical behaviour of epoxy resin-grouted sand under monotonic or cyclic loading

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Mechanical Properties of An Epoxy Resin and Bentonite-Grouted Sand

Mechanical Properties of An Epoxy Resin and Bentonite-Grouted Sand

Factors Affecting Properties of Polymer Grouted Sands

Factors Affecting Properties of Polymer Grouted Sands

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About