Grouting is a well-established engineering practice for stabilizing the jointed and/or fractured rock mass. This process may lead to the enhancement of the mechanical properties of fractured rocks. In the majority of the studies, the efficiency of grouting is determined under static loading conditions. Nonetheless, the grouted rock may be subjected to different dynamic loading from blasts or earthquakes. The present study explored the dynamic loading response, in terms of strength and fracture propagation, of a rock mass having a diagonal non-persistent joint (45° to the loading direction) subjected to impact loading to determine the efficiency of grout material. The focus of the study is to present a comparative assessment of different grout materials under dynamic loading. Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) was used to conduct the compressive impact tests on the synthetic rock mass with varying infill conditions (unfilled, cement-filled and epoxy-filled). The progressive fractures within the specimens were monitored by Photron fastcam analysis (PFA, a high-speed image analysis) and digital image correlation (DIC). The experiments highlighted that the strength of rock mass has an increasing trend with the dynamic strain rate. Epoxy resin provided a better strength enhancement than cement paste as the grout material. Due to the higher strength of epoxy resin than cement paste, the epoxy-grouted jointed rock demonstrates a similar response as the intact rock. In the case of both unfilled and cement-filled specimens, the nature of the primary crack was the coplanar shear crack. In contrast, with the injection of epoxy grout, the nature of the initial crack became the tensile or far-field tensile crack, which is often noticed in intact rocks.