Mechanical behaviors of auxetic polyurethane foam at quasi-static, intermediate and high strain rates

Zhai, Xiaoling; Gao, Jinling; Liao, Hangjie; Kirk, Cody; Balogun, Yunusa A.; Chen, Weinong W.

doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2019.03.002

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Generally, PU foams are inserted into the mold, biaxial or triaxial compressed, heated above the softening temperature, and then cooled to room temperature for fabricating foams with auxetic behavior in stretching. [94][95][96][97]150] This process is capable of developing the common open-cell voids into re-entrant shape. There are also studies on the preparation of auxetic copper and silicone foams using this technique.…”

Section: Other Manufacturing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the remarkable comprehensive mechanical properties, more researchers turned their attention to composite AMMs, such as carbon fiber-reinforced composites [172] and metallic composites with flexible fillers. [173,174] It has been proved that aluminum-based composite AMMs with polymer fillers have 3D chiral VerWhitePlus [44] TangoBlackPlus FLX980 [52] FullCure850 VeroGray [124] VeroBlue RGD840 [39] 2D re-entrant VeroWhite and TangoPlus [125] VeroWhite and DM9760 [59] 3D re-entrant VeroWhitePlus and TangoBlackPlus [126] Missing ribs VeroWhite and TangoPlus [38] Other TangoPlus [106] FDM 2D/3D chiral PLA [127] 2D re-entrant PLA [128] SLA 2D chiral Tough resin [129] 3D chiral Photosensitive resin [45] 2D [30,40] 2D re-entrant TPU [138] Perforation Lexan polycarbonate sheet [139] Aluminum alloy T6061 [140] Other manufacturing methods Mold casting 2D re-entrant PDMS [141] Other (porous structure) Silicone rubber [104,105,142] Vacuum-casting technique 2D chiral 8040 two-part resin [143] Molding forming and assembly 2D chiral Carbon fiber-/glass fiber-reinforced composite [144][145][146] Aluminum alloy T6061-T051, carbon fiber epoxy composite [147] Assembly 2D chiral Bimetallic strips [148] Ni 48 Ti 46 Cu 6 [149] 3D re-entrant Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer [70] Assembly and laser welding 3D re-entrant Steel ST13 [65] Hot compression/ triaxial hot compression Auxetic foam PU foam [94][95]…”

Section: Other Manufacturing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hot‐compression method is the most common method of the fabrication of auxetic foams made from conventional PU foams. Generally, PU foams are inserted into the mold, biaxial or triaxial compressed, heated above the softening temperature, and then cooled to room temperature for fabricating foams with auxetic behavior in stretching . This process is capable of developing the common open‐cell voids into re‐entrant shape.…”

Section: Manufacturing Methods and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[92] Subsequently, many researchers adopted the biaxial or triaxial hot-compression method to fabricate auxetic polyurethane (PU) foam from conventional PU foam. [93][94][95][96][97] The microstructures of conventional and auxetic PU foams are shown in Figure 14. Several experiments have been conducted to verify that the auxetic PU foam was stiffer than conventional PU foam at a larger strain [93] and had better performance in damping and dynamic crushing performance.…”

Section: Auxetic Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evans et al established the finite element model of 3D open‐cell foam and defined that re‐entrant cell shape exhibited NPR and then proposed hot‐compression method to fabricate re‐entrant auxetic foams . Subsequently, many researchers adopted the biaxial or triaxial hot‐compression method to fabricate auxetic polyurethane (PU) foam from conventional PU foam . The microstructures of conventional and auxetic PU foams are shown in Figure .…”

Section: Recent Advances In Ammsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress in Auxetic Mechanical Metamaterials: Structures, Characteristics, Manufacturing Methods, and Applications

et al. 2020

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Auxetic mechanical metamaterials (AMMs), as an exciting paradigm of metamaterials, have attracted increasing attention due to their interesting mechanical properties (e.g. negative Poisson's ratio), as well as the emergence of advanced manufacturing technology (e.g. 3D printing). Although various reviews on AMMs, their structures, properties, and applications, have existed, it still lacks a comprehensive review in terms of manufacturing methods. Herein, the latest progress in AMMs is extensively reviewed, including AMMs' structures, characteristics, manufacturing methods, and applications. In addition, the current challenges and future works of AMMs are concluded and discussed. This Review aims to serve as a collection of knowledge that supplies more comprehensive understanding and inspiration to support further developments of AMMs from the perspective of design and manufacturing.

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Section: Other Manufacturing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Manufacturing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Manufacturing Methods and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Auxetic Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recent Advances In Ammsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress in Auxetic Mechanical Metamaterials: Structures, Characteristics, Manufacturing Methods, and Applications

et al. 2020

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Strain hardening behaviors and mechanisms of polyurethane under various strain rate loading

Miao

2020

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The uniaxial tension experiments are performed on thermoplastic polyurethane to investigate its mechanical behaviors and related potential mechanisms, and the loading strain rate is designing to be wide ranging from 0.0001 to 1 s −1 . It is found that the polyurethane presents an obvious rate-dependence, and the stress strain curves share distinct strain hardening characteristics under the investigated strain rates. Furthermore, the strain hardening ratios are sharing nearly same trends and appear to be influenced by both strain rate and the induced adiabatic heating. Besides, the ratio is also strain-dependent on previous loading history. Then, a two-dimension unit cell model is built to investigate potential equivalent mechanisms, of which the hard phase as inclusion is equivalent with crystallization zone, crosslinking sites, and so forth. The simulation results facilitate to explain the distinct strain hardening ratios, even for the matrix from the extrapolated curves under super-low strain rate loading. Finally, the analogic mechanisms of equivalent hard inclusions are proposed, which can reasonably explain the strain rate-and strain-dependence characteristics of polyurethane mechanical behaviors. K E Y W O R D Smechanical properties, polyurethane, strain hardening ratio, structure-property relations, tension

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Auxetic Materials for Personal Protection: A Review

Tahir

Zhang

2022

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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Life‐changing illnesses and fatalities caused by inefficient personal protective clothing and equipment are increasing day by day. The discrepancy between the test standards, environmental conditions, and infield collision is the reason why personal protection equipment and clothing have not yet decreased the number of injuries in various fields such as military and sports. To further increase the efficiency of personal protection materials, auxetic materials are suggested because of their high energy absorption, good permeability, form‐fitting ability, and high indentation resistance. Auxetic materials are nonconventional materials with a negative Poisson's ratio and can shrink under compression and expand when subjected to stretching. In comparison to nonauxetic conventional materials, auxetic materials have improved properties that can be useful for personal protection applications. This review focuses on the importance of auxetic materials for personal protection, focusing on reducing the chances of injury and what possible ideas can further benefit the protection products. The first part of the review discusses the auxetic structures and their protection applications followed by the fabrication of auxetic structures. The review will conclude with limitations, economic prospects, and what possible work can further improve the potential use of auxetic materials in personal protection.

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Mechanical behaviors of auxetic polyurethane foam at quasi-static, intermediate and high strain rates

Cited by 27 publications

References 30 publications

Progress in Auxetic Mechanical Metamaterials: Structures, Characteristics, Manufacturing Methods, and Applications

Progress in Auxetic Mechanical Metamaterials: Structures, Characteristics, Manufacturing Methods, and Applications

Strain hardening behaviors and mechanisms of polyurethane under various strain rate loading

Auxetic Materials for Personal Protection: A Review

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