Mechanical and thermal methods for reclamation of waste foundry sand

Khan, Mohd Moiz; Mahajani, Sanjay M.; Jadhav, G.N.; Vishwakarma, Rohit; Malgaonkar, Vithoba; Mandre, Shashank

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111628

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The difference between the grain size distribution can be traced back to the different sources of the sands, as new sand was classified by the supplier of the sand, while reclaimed sand was sieved and classified by the foundry in which the thermal reclamation was realized. During thermal reclamation, due to the thermal cycling and the collision of the sand grains with each other and with the walls of the reclaimer, a notable amount of grains are shattered, which leads to the formation of finer particles and dust, so dust separation and particle classification can be highly advantageous before the utilization of reclaimed sand [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Another possible reason for the presence of finer particles in the reclaimed sand can be that the sand grains fractured during the handling process of the sand in the foundry, which provided the reclaimed aggregate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, reclaimed sand has a bit lower coefficient of angularity, which is probably due to the reclamation process. During the reclamation process, the sand grains are subjected to a certain degree of mechanical attrition due to the collision of the particles with each other and with the walls of the reclamation apparatus [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of sand quality on the bending strength and thermal distortion of chemically bonded sand cores

Gyarmati

Budavári

Fegyverneki

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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The quality of chemically bonded sand cores used during the manufacturing process of cast components is highly dependent on the properties of the sand, which constitutes the refractory base media of the core. One of the main advantages of the application of different types of sands as molding aggregates that after casting, they can be reclaimed and can be used again during core shooting. The properties of the sand, however, could be remarkably changed during the casting and reclamation processes. This study aims to investigate the effects of the properties of the base sand on the mechanical strength and thermal distortion properties of samples made from new and thermally reclaimed silica sand. For this purpose, particle size analysis, specific surface area, and loss on ignition measurements, as well as differential thermal analysis coupled with thermogravimetry, were executed on the base sands, and the sand grains were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Test pieces were made with hot box and cold box technology for bending and hot distortion tests. It was found that by the utilization of reclaimed sand, cores with higher average bending strength and lower thermal deformation can be produced. These differences can be traced back to the more advantageous granulometric properties, lower impurity content, and lower thermal expansion of thermally reclaimed sand.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of sand quality on the bending strength and thermal distortion of chemically bonded sand cores

Gyarmati

Budavári

Fegyverneki

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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“…Approximately 5 to 7 billion tons of mine tailings are generated each year [1]. Their environmental impact is considerable since, in addition to occupying large areas, they can emit potentially toxic elements [2]. For this reason, mining should be carried out in a more sustainable way.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Mineralogy of the Tailings from Llallagua: Towards a Sustainable Activity

et al. 2022

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There are significant tin reserves in the dumps and tailings from Llallagua. Currently, this waste is being processed using gravity concentration or a combination of gravity concentration with a final stage of froth flotation. A process mineralogy study of the tailings and their products after processing in Llallagua was carried out to determine the failings of the processing system in order to contribute to designing an improved new processing scheme. The mineralogy of the feed tailings, concentrate, and final tailings was determined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and mineral liberation analysis. The tailings were composed of quartz, tourmaline, illite, K-feldspar, plagioclase, cassiterite, rutile, zircon, and monazite. The concentrate essentially contains cassiterite (57.4 wt.%), tourmaline, quartz, hematite, rutile and rare earth minerals, mainly monazite and minor amounts of xenotime and florencite. The concentrate contained 52–60 wt.% of SnO2 and 0.9–1.3 wt.% REE. The final tailings contained 0.23–0.37 wt.% SnO2 and 0.02 wt.% of Rare Earth Elements (REE). Only 57.6 wt.% of cassiterite from the concentrate was liberated. The non-liberated cassiterite was mainly associated with quartz, tourmaline, and rutile. The average grain size of monazite was 45 µm and 57.5 wt.% of this was liberated. In other cases, it occurs in mixed particles associated with tourmaline, quartz, cassiterite, and muscovite. To improve the sustainability of this mining activity, the concentrate grade and the metal recovery must be improved. Reducing the particle size reduction of the processed tailings would increase the beneficiation process rates. In addition, the recovery of the REE present in the concentrate as a by-product should be investigated.

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“…It is an important means of providing blanks for mechanical parts and is an integral part of many industrial processes [ 1 ]. The foundry industry is recognized as a potential source of environmental pollution [ 2 ]. Presently, substantial amounts of slag and other waste are generated from steel manufacturing processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Methyl Red from Aqueous Solution Using Polyethyleneimine Crosslinked Alginate Beads with Waste Foundry Dust as a Magnetic Material

Kim

Purev

Myung

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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In this study, a cost-effective adsorbent based on sodium alginate (SA) with waste foundry dust (WFD) was fabricated for the removal of methyl red (MR) from aqueous media. However, the utilization of WFD/SA beads to remove anionic dyes (such as MR) from effluents has limitations associated with their functional groups. To improve the adsorption performance, WFD/SA-polyethyleneimine (PEI) beads were formed via PEI crosslinking onto WFD/SA beads, which could be attributed to the formation of amide bonds from the carboxyl and amino groups due to the change of N-H bonds in the reaction. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated that PEI was crosslinked on the WFD/SA via a chemical reaction. In the FTIR spectra of WFD/SA-PEI, peaks of the –COO (asymmetric) stretching vibration shifted to 1598 and 1395 cm−1, which could be attributed to the hydrogen-bonding effect of the N–H groups in PEI. In the N1s spectrum, three deconvoluted peaks were assigned to N in –N= (398.2 eV), –NH/–NH2 (399.6 eV), and NO2 (405.2 eV). WFD/SA-PEI beads were assessed and optimized for aqueous MR adsorption. The WFD/SA-PEI beads showed a high removal efficiency for MR (89.1%) at an initial concentration of 1000 mg/L, and presented a maximum MR adsorption capacity of 672.7 mg/g MR. The adsorption process showed a good fit with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The amino and hydroxyl groups in the WFD/SA-PEI beads facilitate strong hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. Moreover, these WFD/SA-PEI beads were easily recovered after the adsorption process.

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Mechanical and thermal methods for reclamation of waste foundry sand

Cited by 22 publications

References 17 publications

The effect of sand quality on the bending strength and thermal distortion of chemically bonded sand cores

The effect of sand quality on the bending strength and thermal distortion of chemically bonded sand cores

Process Mineralogy of the Tailings from Llallagua: Towards a Sustainable Activity

Removal of Methyl Red from Aqueous Solution Using Polyethyleneimine Crosslinked Alginate Beads with Waste Foundry Dust as a Magnetic Material

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