Mechanical and Self‐Deformable Spatial Modulation Beam Steering and Splitting Metasurface

Phon, Ratanak; Kim, Yeon-Ju; Park, Eiyong; Jeong, Heijun; Lim, Sungjoon

doi:10.1002/adom.202100821

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…In order to verify the multi-frequency directional refraction of the multi-LCMM with basic Drude-Lorenz model, the simulated field distributions of LCMM1 and LCMM2 are shown in Figure 3. It can be seen that when the light is normally incident on the multilayered LCMM, the beam will split into two directions, as shown in Figures 3A,D for LCMM1 (f 1 = 463 THz) and LCMM2 (f 2 = 733 THz), respectively (Erçağlar et al, 2021;Hu et al, 2021;Phon et al, 2021). The wave vector and energy flow are marked by blue and red arrows, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Multiple linear-crossing metamaterials for directional refraction

et al. 2022

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Recently, linear-crossing metamaterials (LCMMs) in the hyperbolic topological transition of iso-frequency contour, have attracted people’s great attention. Due to the novel linear dispersion, LCMM provides a new platform to control and enhance the light-matter interactions, such as all-angle negative refraction, filters, super-lens, etc. However, the narrow-band working frequency is currently the major limitation in LCMMs. In this work, we propose two methods to realize multiple linear-crossing metamaterials (MLCMMs), including a basic Drude-Lorenz model and an actual step-like multilayer structure. Especially, in order to identify the designed two kinds of MLCMMs, we numerically demonstrate the unique beam splitting and directional refraction of MLCMM at different frequencies. Our findings may not only provide a new platform for the fundamental study of LCMM, but also facilitate some broadband applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Multiple linear-crossing metamaterials for directional refraction

et al. 2022

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“…[ 28–30 ] Many such mechanical devices have been proposed from microwave to optical regimes. [ 31–33 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[28][29][30] Many such mechanical devices have been proposed from microwave to optical regimes. [31][32][33] Origami is the art of paper folding to create complex or simple structures, whereas kirigami includes the cutting of planar paper. The emerging strategy to integrate origami and kirigami mechanisms for designing mechanical devices has shown great potential to achieve reconfigurability with unique electromagnetic functionality, such as chirality, i.e., asymmetry such that an object cannot superimpose with its mirror image.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotational Kirigami Tessellation Metasurface for Tunable Chirality

Phon

Jeong

Lim

2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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However, most reported designs are passive, and their functionalities are not reconfigurable after fabrication. Up to now, numerous methodologies have been investigated intensively to realize dynamically tunable metasurfaces, for instance, electrically control (varactor, transistor pin diode), phase change materials, microfluidic, and mechanical. Electrically controlled metasurfaces are commonly used in high switching/tuning speed applications, loading electrical components, such as transistors, varactors, or PIN diodes, on the metasurface structures; [21][22][23] but this technique cannot be applied for higher operating frequencies, such as optical or terahertz regimes, due to manufacturing limitations for electronic components. Various techniques have been proposed, such as phase change materials, to tune or switch electromagnetic functionality, but they still cannot suffer from low tuning or switching ratio. References [24][25][26][27] provided detailed techniques and methods to achieve tunable or reconfigurable metamaterial devices. Non-electrical metasurfaces, i.e., mechanical metasurfaces, have also been proposed, providing tunable or switchable electromagnetic functionality by mechanical deformation or displacement. This approach offers significant advantages in terms of power consumption, simple switching/tuning mechanism, and reconfigurability over continuous state ranges with constant electrical properties; in contrast with electrical components that provide discrete states with nonlinear electrical properties (loss and tuning/switching ratios). [28][29][30] Many such mechanical devices have been proposed from microwave to optical regimes. [31][32][33] Origami is the art of paper folding to create complex or simple structures, whereas kirigami includes the cutting of planar paper. The emerging strategy to integrate origami and kirigami mechanisms for designing mechanical devices has shown great potential to achieve reconfigurability with unique electromagnetic functionality, such as chirality, i.e., asymmetry such that an object cannot superimpose with its mirror image. Owing to this unique feature of chiral structures, circularly polarized electromagnetic waves such as left-handed circular polarized (LHCP) or right-handed circular polarized (RHCP) waves can be selectively transmitted, reflected, or absorbed. [34][35][36][37] Deformations from flat to folded shapes (2D to 3D structure) can achieve tunable or reconfigurable chirality. In addition, the reconfigurable characteristics between their opposite chiral states (LHCP and RHCP) can realize Kirigami, with a simple mechanical transformation fashion, offers versatile ways and unconventional approaches for realizing cutting-edge tunable devices. Here, a rotational kirigami tessellation metasurface with tunable chirality using 2D-to-2D in-plane transformation is designed and experimentally demonstrated. The rotational metasurface is built using flexible filament as a supporting dielectric and silver ink as conductive patterns on the top and bottom layer...

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“…Metasurfaces are a critical design paradigm to harness functionalities in nonlinear optical metamaterials . The propagation of mechanical and acoustic waves can also be tailored using patterned and elastic substrates. − Shape memory polymer (SMP) substrates have also been used to develop self-deformable spatial modulation metasurfaces for realizing electromagnetic beam splitting and steering capabilities . Shape memory in alloy forms has also been recently used to develop multifunctional thermos-mechanical anisotropy .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biobased and Programmable Electroadhesive Metasurfaces

Duigou

Guo

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Electroadhesion has shown the potential to deliver versatile handling devices because of its simplicity of actuation and rapid response. Current electroadhesion systems have, however, significant difficulties in adapting to external objects with complex shapes. Here, a novel concept of metasurface is proposed by combining the use of natural fibers (flax) and shape memory epoxy polymers in a hygromorphic and thermally actuated composite (HyTemC). The biobased material composite can be used to manipulate adhesive surfaces with high precision and controlled environmental actuation. The HyTemC concept is preprogrammed to store controllable moisture and autonomous desorption when exposed to the operational environment, and can reach predesigned bending curvatures up to 31.9 m–1 for concave and 29.6 m–1 for convex shapes. The actuated adhesive surface shapes are generated via the architected metasurface structure, incorporating an electroadhesive component integrated with the programmable biobased materials. This biobased metasurface stimulated by the external environment provides a large taxonomy of shapesfrom flat, circular, single/double concave, and wavy, to piecewise, polynomial, trigonometric, and airfoil configurations. The objects handled by the biobased metasurface can be fragile because of the high conformal matching between contacting surfaces and the absence of compressive adhesion. These natural fiber-based and environmentally friendly electroadhesive metasurfaces can significantly improve the design of programmable object handling technologies, and also provide a sustainable route to lower the carbon and emission footprint of smart structures and robotics.

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Mechanical and Self‐Deformable Spatial Modulation Beam Steering and Splitting Metasurface

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Multiple linear-crossing metamaterials for directional refraction

Multiple linear-crossing metamaterials for directional refraction

Rotational Kirigami Tessellation Metasurface for Tunable Chirality

Biobased and Programmable Electroadhesive Metasurfaces

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