Mechanical and Physical Properties of Recycled-Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polylactide Fused Deposition Modelling Filament

Omar, Nur’ain Wahidah Ya; Shuaib, Norshah Aizat; Hadi, Mohd Haidiezul Jamal Ab; Azmi, Azwan Iskandar; Misbah, Muhamad Nur

doi:10.3390/ma15010190

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Compared with the recycled PLA, the elastic modulus increased by 18% at 20% CF, whereas a reduction of 24% to 20% in the CFRP samples was observed. A similar trend could also be observed [ 94 ] that increased the Young’s Modulus value up to a certain level of content of fibers in the matrix.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Carbon Fiber/PLA Recycled Composite

et al. 2022

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Due exceptional properties such as its high-temperature resistance, mechanical characteristics, and relatively lower price, the demand for carbon fiber has been increasing over the past years. The widespread use of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers or plastics (CFRP) has attracted many industries. However, on the other hand, the increasing demand for carbon fibers has created a waste recycling problem that must be overcome. In this context, increasing plastic waste from the new 3D printing technology has been increased, contributing to a greater need for recycling efforts. This research aims to produce a recycled composite made from different carbon fiber leftover resources to reinforce the increasing waste of Polylactic acid (PLA) as a promising solution to the growing demand for both materials. Two types of leftover carbon fiber waste from domestic industries are handled: carbon fiber waste (CF) and carbon fiber-reinforced composite (CFRP). Two strategies are adopted to produce the recycled composite material, mixing PLA waste with CF one time and with CFRP the second time. The recycled composites are tested under tensile test conditions to investigate the impact of the waste carbon reinforcement on PLA properties. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is carried out on composites to study their thermal properties.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Carbon Fiber/PLA Recycled Composite

et al. 2022

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“…Air trapping during extrusion and moisture absorption during storage are the main causes of formation. The presence of voids and gaps resulted in weak interfacial adhesion between the fibre and the matrix, resulting in poor strength [ 49 , 52 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The test was repeated 5 times for each filament. The test setup must be properly prepared since r-WoPPC is more brittle than r-PP because it is mixed with wood fibre, thus the winding of the filament around the bollard must be performed carefully to avoid fractures during the test [ 49 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Wood Dust Fibre Treatments Reinforcement on the Properties of Recycled Polypropylene Composite (r-WoPPC) Filament for Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM)

et al. 2023

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The efficacy of wood dust fibre treatment on the property of wood dust reinforced recycled polypropylene composite (r-WoPPC) filament was investigated. The wood dust fibre was treated using alkali, silane, and NaOH-silane. The treated wood fibre was incorporated with r-PP using a twin-screw extruder to produce filament. The silane treatment on wood dust fibre enhances interfacial bonding between wood fibre and recycled PP; hence, a filament has the highest wire pull strength, which is 35.2% higher compared to untreated and alkaline-treated wood dust filament. It is because silanol in silane forms a siloxane bond that acts as a coupling agent that improves interfacial bonding between wood dust fibre and recycled PP. The SEM micrograph of the fracture structure reveals that treated silane has strong interfacial bonding between wood dust fibre and recycled PP, having minimal void, gap, and good fibre adhesion. The water absorption test results indicate that filament with treated wood dust absorbs less water than filament with untreated wood because the treatment minimizes the gap between wood fibres and recycled PP. The FTIR analysis identified the presence of silane on the wood dust surface for silane-treated wood dust. The DSC studies suggest that the temperature range 167–170 °C be used in the extrusion machine to produce r- WoPPC filament. As a result, r-WoPPc filaments containing silane-treated wood dust have better mechanical properties and have a greater potential for usage in FDM applications.

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“…Figure highlights the values of the longitudinal stiffness of short fiber reinforced composites published in the open literature. The data do not follow the rule of mixture, due to the variability of the lengths [ 231 ] and orientations [ 232 ] of the fibers. The data presented in Figures 16 and 17 are all based on composites with rigid polymers.…”

Section: Actuation Control With Materials Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Longitudinal stiffness for 3D‐printed short fiber reinforced polymers from the open literature. (PLA: PolyLactic Acid, PETG: Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol, ABS: Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, PP: PolyPropylene, and PBAT: Polybutylene Adipate terephthalate) Refs: [56, 58, 67, 148, 149, 231–235, 240–257]…”

Section: Actuation Control With Materials Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Design of 4D‐Printed Hygromorphs: State‐of‐the‐Art and Future Challenges

Kergariou

Demoly

Perriman

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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In recent years, 4D printing has allowed the rapid development of new concepts of multifunctional/adaptive structures. The 4D printing technology makes it possible to generate new shapes and/or property-changing capabilities by combining smart materials, multiphysics stimuli, and additive manufacturing. Hygromorphs constitute a specific class of new smart materials where their properties and morphing capabilities are dependent on the surrounding humidity, which drives actuation. Although multiple efforts have been made to fabricate hygromorph demonstrators, a comprehensive design process to produce hygromorphs by multiple 4D printing techniques is not yet available. The broad aim of this review and concept paper is to i) highlight existing scientific and technology gaps in the field of 4D-printed hygromorphs, ii) identify tools existing in other research fields for filling those gaps, and iii) discuss a series of guidelines for tackling future challenges and opportunities to develop 4D-printed composite hygromorph materials and related manufacturing processes. Accordingly, this review describes the materials and additive manufacturing techniques used for hygromorph composite fabrication. Moreover, the relevant parameters that control actuation, the models selection and performance, the design methods and the actuation measurements for customized 4D-printed hygromorph materials, are discussed.

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Mechanical and Physical Properties of Recycled-Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polylactide Fused Deposition Modelling Filament

Cited by 17 publications

References 40 publications

Carbon Fiber/PLA Recycled Composite

Carbon Fiber/PLA Recycled Composite

Effect of Wood Dust Fibre Treatments Reinforcement on the Properties of Recycled Polypropylene Composite (r-WoPPC) Filament for Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM)

The Design of 4D‐Printed Hygromorphs: State‐of‐the‐Art and Future Challenges

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