Mechanical and neurological response of cat spinal cord under static loading

Hung, Tin-Kan; Lin, H. S.; Bunegin, Leonid; Albin, Maurice S.

doi:10.1016/0090-3019(82)90284-1

Cited by 53 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The clinical outcomes in this series are consistent with observation in experimental models that axons subjected to strain recover rapidly, both anatomically and functionally [30][31][32], and with neurosurgical series where anatomical alignment has been restored, and which show that even profound clinical deficits are recoverable [5,12,14,17,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. Improvement in pain, bulbar symptoms, ASIA index, Karnofsky index and quality of life assessment support the concept that restoration of the neutral position of the cervical spine and craniospinal junction with a neck brace decreases the deleterious effects of flexion in the setting of erstwhile abnormal movement and anatomical abnormality.…”

Section: Neurological Outcomes After Whiplash Injurysupporting

confidence: 74%

Clinical and Finite Element Analysis of Acute Whiplash

Tannoury¹,

Rihn²,

Wilson³

et al. 2011

TOSPINEJ

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Study Design:A prospective 1-year follow-up study of whiplash patients presenting with neurological signs/or symptoms (WADIII), and whiplash patients with neck pain but no neurologic findings (WADI/II). Objective:We hypothesize that WADI/II and WADIII are distinct entities, with regards to clinical presentation, pathoanatomy, and prognosis.Summary of Background Data: symptoms associated with whiplash injury range from mild neck pain (WADI/II), to injuries associated with neurologic sequellae (WADIII). To date, literature considers whiplash associated disorders (WAD) a single clinical and pathologic entity, with different grades of severity (WADI-IV).Methods: Thirty one subjects were divided into a WADIII study group and a WADI/II comparison group. All subjects underwent H&P, radiographic evaluations, and clinical outcome measures (collected at 3, 6, and 12 months). Statistical analysis was performed (Student T-test, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test) with significance set at p=0.05. A finite element analysis (FEA) technology (SCOSIA©) was used to predict stresses within the neuraxis.Results: At day 0: Better neurologic assessments, functional performances, and higher quality-of-life measurements were noted in WADI/II compared to WADIII. VAS scores were comparable.At 12 months: Both groups reported improvements in neurologic status and disability symptoms. However functional recovery and quality-of-life measures significantly improved in WADIII, and conversely deteriorated in WADI/II along with notable worsening of pain symptoms. Litigation claims were comparable. FEA predicted higher stress within the neuraxis of WADIII, notably in subjects with preexisting stenosis and odontoid retroflexion. Conclusion:WADI/II and WADIII are distinct entities. Musculoskeletal injury precipitates WADI/II pain symptoms while neuronal stretching leads to WADIII neurologic injuries, which are mostly recoverable.

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Section: Neurological Outcomes After Whiplash Injurysupporting

confidence: 74%

Clinical and Finite Element Analysis of Acute Whiplash

Tannoury¹,

Rihn²,

Wilson³

et al. 2011

TOSPINEJ

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“…15 Oldfield et al 16 found larger tonsillar motions in patients who were undergoing cranio-occipital decompression. Stiffness modulus values of 0.001 to 1.88 MPa have been found to be typical for the spinal cord tissue, 17,18 whereas for the more robust dura mater at the outer boundary, a modulus of 10 MPa has been suggested. 3 The validation, on the basis of limited PCMR imaging data, does not prove that the model will predict accurately in human subjects but suggests it will be useful to predict changes in flow and pressure resulting from anatomic variations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CSF Flow Dynamics at the Craniovertebral Junction Studied with an Idealized Model of the Subarachnoid Space and Computational Flow Analysis

Linge¹,

Haughton²,

Løvgren³

et al. 2009

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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“…23 Elements of the lamina and spinous process of the middle vertebrae (C5) were deleted to simulate the effect of laminectomy (Fig. 2a).…”

Section: Transverse Contusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since spinal cord properties are known to degrade quickly after death, 10 in vivo studies for verification were of highest priority. Loading conditions from in vivo animal models 23,34 were carefully scaled and applied to the FE model.…”

Section: Model Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model of the Cervical Spine with Spinal Cord: An Investigation of Three Injury Mechanisms

2008

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The spinal cord may be injured through various spinal column injury patterns (e.g., burst fracture, fracture dislocation); however, the relationship between column injury pattern and cord damage is not well understood. A three-dimensional finite element model of a human cervical spine and spinal cord segment was developed, verified using published experimental data, and used to investigate differences in cord strain distributions during various column injury patterns. For a transverse contusion injury, as would occur in a burst fracture, a 33% canal occlusion resulted in two peaks of strain between the indentor and opposing vertebral body and intermediate peak strain values. For a distraction injury, relevant to column distortion injuries, a 2.6 mm axial displacement to the cord resulted in more uniform strains throughout the cord and low peak strain values. For a dislocation injury, as would occur in a fracture dislocation, an anterior displacement of C5 corresponding to 30% of the sagittal dimension of the vertebral body resulted in high peak strain values adjacent to the shearing vertebrae and increased strains in the lateral columns compared to contusion. This model includes more anatomical details compared to previous studies and provides a baseline for mechanical comparisons in spinal cord injury.

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Mechanical and neurological response of cat spinal cord under static loading

Cited by 53 publications

References 4 publications

Clinical and Finite Element Analysis of Acute Whiplash

Clinical and Finite Element Analysis of Acute Whiplash

CSF Flow Dynamics at the Craniovertebral Junction Studied with an Idealized Model of the Subarachnoid Space and Computational Flow Analysis

A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model of the Cervical Spine with Spinal Cord: An Investigation of Three Injury Mechanisms

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