Mechanical and Fluoride Release Properties of Titanium Tetrafluoride-added Glass-ionomer Cement

“…Among the ions mentioned above, fluoride is known to have anticariogenic effect. As such, there are many studies concerning fluoride release from fluoride-containing materials [12][13][14][15] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Newly Designed Automatic pH-cycling System to Simulate Daily pH Fluctuations

et al. 2006

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INTRODUCTIONAlthough many intrinsic and extrinsic factors are involved in the etiology and pathogenesis of dental caries, pH in the oral cavity is known to be one of the main factors. In particular, fluctuations in dental plaque pH after carbohydrate consumption exacerbate caries occurrence and severity. As shown by Stephan 1） , the pH value following sucrose intake drops rapidly to its minimum level （which is below pH 5.0） , and then over a period of 30 minutes to several hours, the pH value slowly returns to its original value （which is above pH 7.0） . As a result, pH in the oral cavity is subjected to successive fluctuations between pH below 5 and then above 7 with each carbohydrate intake. Such a pH fluctuation occurs because metabolism of fermentable substrates by the plaque flora leads to acid production 2）; following which, acid dilution and/or neutralization occurs according to the flow rate of saliva and its buffering capacity 3） . It should also be highlighted that these pH fluctuations play a key role in de-and remineralization of teeth. This is because enamel dissolution rate is reduced when pH value is increased 4）, and when pH is sustained above 5.5 both hydroxyapatite（HAP）and fluorapatite（FAP）are synthesized. Moreover, when pH is between 4.5 and 5.5, HAP is dissolved, but FAP synthesis is still in progress if fluoride exists 5） . Caries formation is a dynamic process that involves alternating periods of de-and remineralization of the teeth with pH changes. When the rate of remineralization exceeds the rate of ion transport out of the tooth surface, the surface layer can be retained with the continuous renewal. However, if demineralization is the predominant process over a defined period, or that the rate of demineralization exceeds the rate of remineralization, the net result will be a gradational loss of tooth minerals leading to irreversible cavity formation. Thus, the outbreak occurrence and progression of a caries lesion are associated with an imbalance between de-and remineralization. In various researches 6-9） , protocols have been designed to investigate caries progression using a pH cycle in which the teeth were immersed alternately and periodically into two different pH solutions. Those studies indicated that the rate of demineralization process was highly dependent on the low pH and ion concentration of such ions as Ca 2＋ , PO 4 3-, and F -of demineralization solutions 10,11） . Among the ions mentioned above, fluoride is known to have anticariogenic effect. As such, there are many studies concerning fluoride release from fluoride-containing materials 12-15） . However, most of the studies performed did not indicate the influence of demineralizationremineralization imbalance on the teeth in human oral conditions, as shown in Stephan's curve under changing pH. Therefore, in the clinical setting, a direct correlation between pH changes simulating oral cavity conditions and caries formation is still a matter of discussion.For the purpose of observing caries occurrence The aim of this...

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“…The first attempts were the addition of silver‐tin amalgam alloy powder by Simmons and this system was developed clinically under the name “Miracle mix” (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). In addition, fused amalgam was sintered to glass particles, zinc sulfate, zinc oxide, titanium tetrafluoride, ytterbium fluoride and barium sulfate, strontium oxide and strontium fluoride as well as niobium pentoxide to enhance the mechanical properties and fluoride release. These modifications of GICs have been reported to have no significant difference in the strength between conventional and reinforced materials .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of glass ionomer cements on their physical‐mechanical and antimicrobial properties

Ching

Luddin

Kannan

et al. 2018

J Esthet Restor Dent

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Objective The aim of this review was to provide an insight about the factors affecting the properties of glass ionomer cements and provides a review regarding studies that are related to modification of glass ionomer cements to improve their properties, particularly on physical‐mechanical and antimicrobial activity. Methods PubMed and Science Direct were searched for papers published between the years 1974 and 2018. The search was restricted to articles written in English related to modification of glass ionomer cements. Only articles published in peer‐reviewed journals were included. The search included literature reviews, in vitro, and in vivo studies. Articles written in other languages, without available abstracts and those related to other field were excluded. About 198 peer‐review articles in the English language were reviewed. Conclusion Based on the finding, most of the modification has improved physical‐mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements. Recently, researchers have attempted to improve their antimicrobial properties. However, the attempts were reported to compromise the physical‐mechanical properties of modified glass ionomer cements. Clinical significance As the modification of glass ionomer cement with different material improved the physical‐mechanical and antimicrobial properties, it could be used as restorative material for wider application in dentistry.

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Mechanical and Fluoride Release Properties of Titanium Tetrafluoride-added Glass-ionomer Cement

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

A review of powder modifications in conventional glass-ionomer dental cements

A review of powder modifications in conventional glass-ionomer dental cements

A Newly Designed Automatic pH-cycling System to Simulate Daily pH Fluctuations

Modification of glass ionomer cements on their physical‐mechanical and antimicrobial properties

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