Mechanical and electrical streams in planets and stars

Results of Full Scale Modeling of Electromagnetic Pulse Impact for Lightning Protection of Power Plants

“…Thus, the estimated time of the explosion corresponded to the value of τ в ~ r 0 √(ρ c /p c ), where r 0 is the radius of a conductor and ρ c and p c are the density and pressure at the critical point. For copper ρ c = 2.27⋅10 3 kg/m 3 , p c = 9.04⋅10 3 atm [18], for conductors 80-120 μm, the time was about 80-110 ns. As shown by experiments, the preliminary calculation gave higher values of the integral of the current than in practice.…”

“…From the balance of the inputted energy and the minimum specific energy required for the explosion, it is pos- s -specific heat of sublimation for copper. Properties of substances were taken from the directory [18], w ~ m = 2.13•10 5 J/kg, w ~ s = w v /ρ cu = 5.28•10 6 J/kg (w v = 4.7•10 10 J/m 3 ), where w v is the amount of heat required to convert a unit volume of the conductor material into a metal vapor consisting of neutral atoms. In this regard, the energy w ~ can be interpreted as the minimum specific energy of electrothermal destruction of the conductor material.…”

“…Reports collected in the chapter [12] are the basis for understanding the physics of the phenomenon of explosion conductors. The theory of explosion of EEC together with similarity criterion reflecting the relationship of mode of energy release in a conductor during the explosion with its physical properties was used in the selection of parameters of EEC [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. As shown in [14,15], input in EEC energy sufficient for sublimation of conductors was the main requirement.…”

Effect of temperature on quasiperiodic refractive index oscillations in optically dense medium with a closed excitation contour

“…From the physical point of view this situation corresponds to87 Rb vapors in the gas cell in the presence of a buffer gas. The concentration of saturated 87 Rb vapors of the order of − is reached near 330 К[38].…”