“…To optimize the thermal performance of foamed concrete, studies have unveiled that the introduction of voids or air cells plays a pivotal role in enhancing its insulation behavior. The stability of preform foam, coupled with the deliberate incorporation of microbubbles into the concrete matrix, significantly contributes to this improved thermal efficiency (14,40,61,64,107,113). However, it's crucial to note that while these advancements positively impact insulation, they also exert influences on both compressive strength and elastic modulus, underscoring the need for a balanced consideration of multiple factors in the pursuit of energyefficient construction solutions (60,104,115,116).…”