Meat, Meat Products and Seafood as Sources of Energy and Nutrients in the Average Polish Diet

Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify the share of meat, meat products and seafood in the contribution of energy and 22 nutrients to the average Polish diet. Data from the nationally representative sample of Polish population (2016 Household Budget Survey) on meat and seafood product consumption from 38,886 households (n = 99,230) were calculated into one person per month. The analyses were conducted for seven food groups (e.g., red meat, poultry) and 16 products (e.g., beef, chicken). Approximately 18.5% of energy is delivered from the sources such as meat, meat products and seafood, providing a higher percentage of 18 nutrients to the diet (e.g., 56.0% of vitamin B12, 52.3% of niacin, 44.9% of cholesterol, 41.5% of protein, 41.4%of vitamin D, 37.6% of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), 37.4% of thiamin, 33.8% of zinc, 32.0% of total fats, 30.3% of saturated fatty acids (SFA), 29.6% of vitamin B6, 25.3% of riboflavin, 24.9% of phosphorus, 24.8% of iron, 22.5% of vitamin A, 21.6% of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and 20.3% of sodium). For the contribution of 18 nutrients and energy, processed meat products were ranked first. These results should be taken into consideration in order to compose diets with adequate energy and nutrient contribution and also to analyze benefits and risk resulting from the current level of consumption of red and processed meat, fish and other seafood.

Food Sources of Potassium in the Average Polish Diet

“…This allowed generalizing the results obtained to the population of the whole country [43,44]. More detailed descriptions and calculation schemes have been published in our earlier articles [27,28,30].…”

“…We analyzed food sources of potassium, including 13 categories of food products, 42 main product groups, and 91 sub-product groups/food products. This is the next stage of our research relating to food sources of nutrients [27] and the role of individual product groups in the supply of energy, macronutrients, minerals, and vitamins [28][29][30]. The research process consists of 7 stages:…”

“…The HBS includes 91 food sub-groups/food products ( Table 1). We made a classification for the needs of our analyzes [27][28][29][30] based on previous classifications [35][36][37][38] and the specificity of products available on the Polish market [34].…”

Butter, Margarine, Vegetable Oils, and Olive Oil in the Average Polish Diet

“…Data on food consumption in households concerned 91 food sub-groups, which, for the purpose of our analysis, were divided into 13 main categories, i.e., meat and meat products; cereal and grain products; milk and dairy products; sugar, sweets, and snacks; vegetables and vegetable products; fruits and fruit products; eggs; seafood; coffee, tea and cacao; nonalcoholic beverages; alcoholic beverages; and fats and oils. A detailed classification has been published in our previous publications [15][16][17][18]. For the purposes of this article, we have considered fats and oils containing 5 sub-groups: For this classification, we used a food classification scheme published in literature [19][20][21], with definitions from FAO [22] and CSO [23,24].…”

“…Additional information on the methodology of the Household Budget Survey has been provided in our previous publications on meat, seafood and its products, cereal products, and milk and dairy products, as well as food sources of protein [15][16][17][18].…”