Meat Eating and Hominid Evolution

Stanford,; Bunn, Frances

doi:10.2307/3596401

Cited by 34 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…It is likely that human dietary lipid requirements are genetically determined (Eaton, 1992;Eaton et al, 1998), and that the evolutionary, nutritional selective pressures that have acted upon the ancestral human lineage over the past 2.4 million years since the emergence of our genus (Homo), may provide important insight into optimal, present day, lipid intakes (Eaton, 1992;Eaton et al, 1998;Simopoulos, 1999;Simopoulos et al, 1999). There is substantial evidence from both the archaeological and ethnographic literature to show that consumption of wild animal tissues played a predominant role in the diet of early humans (Marean & Assefa, 1999;Milton, 1999;Stanford & Bunn, 1999) as well as in historically studied hunter-gatherers (Cordain et al, 2000). Recent mean estimates of the plant-to-animal subsistence ratios in 229 hunter-gatherer societies, the best surrogates of Stone Age humans, demonstrated that meat and other animalderived foods would have provided on average 68% of the total energy, and the remaining 32% of the average daily energy would have come from plant sources (Cordain et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neither fowl nor fish became common dietary constituents until about 20 000 y ago (Eaton, 1992), so the main nutritional adaptation over most of humanity's 2.4 million y existence was to the tissues of mammals (Eaton, 1992), particularly ruminants (Defleur et al, 1999;Marean & Assefa, 1999;Stanford & Bunn, 1999) that were either scavenged or hunted (Marean & Assefa 1999;Stanford & Bunn, 1999). Anthropological and ethnographic data indicate that modern day hunter-gatherers, as well as Stone Age humans, consumed not just muscle tissue, but relished certain fatty portions of the carcass including brain, marrow and depot fat (Defleur et al, 1999;Harako, 1981;McArthur, 1960;Silberbauer, 1981;Stefansson, 1960).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fatty acid analysis of wild ruminant tissues: evolutionary implications for reducing diet-related chronic disease

et al. 2002

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid analysis of wild ruminant tissues: evolutionary implications for reducing diet-related chronic disease

et al. 2002

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“…Subsistence hunting has been a critical form of protein acquisition for tropical forest dwellers since the earliest Stone Age hunters (Stanford and Bunn, 2001). This is particularly the case for many indigenous, mestizo and colonist communities that remain physically isolated, and have little or no access to other sources of animal protein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bringing home the biggest bacon: a cross-site analysis of the structure of hunter-kill profiles in Neotropical forests

Jerozolimski

Peres

2003

Biological Conservation

232

201

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“…Subsistence hunting has been a critical source of protein for tropical forest dwellers since the earliest Stone Age (Stanford & Bunn 2001)-which raises the question why it is only now having a massive impact on wildlife populations. In fact, even this is not entirely true, judging by the mass extinctions of mega-faunas across the Americas, Eurasia, and Australia after the last Ice Age.…”

Section: Subsistence Huntingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life after logging: reconciling wildlife conservation and production forestry in Indonesian Borneo

Meijaard¹,

Sheil²,

Nasi³

et al. 2005

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This book has been published with fi nancial support from UNESCO, ITTO, and SwedBio. The authors are responsible for the choice and presentation of the facts contained in this book and for the opinions expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of CIFOR, UNESCO, ITTO, and SwedBio and do not commit these organisations. The review and synthesis refl ect inputs from many organisations, including MoF, LIPI, WCS, TNC, WWF and CIRAD. This review has also benefi ted from research, and related activities, supported by grants from ITTO, the European Commission, the World Bank, and the MacArthur Foundation. The opinions expressed in this book are not endorsed by any of these organisations. ISBN 979-3361-56-5The Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) was established in 1993 as part of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) in response to global concerns about the social, environmental and economic consequences of forest loss and degradation. CIFOR research produces knowledge and methods to improve the well-being of forest-dependent people and to help countries manage their forests wisely for sustainable benefi ts. This research is conducted in more than two dozen countries, in collaboration with numerous partners. Since it was founded, CIFOR has also played a central role in infl uencing global and national forestry policies. National Library of Indonesia Cataloging-in-Publication DataLife after logging: Reconciling wildlife conservation and production forestry in Indonesian Borneo/ Meijaard, E., Sheil, D., Nasi, R., Augeri, D., Rosenbaum, B., Iskandar, D., Setyawati, T., Lammertink, M., Rachmatika, I., Wong, A., Soehartono, T., Stanley, S. and O'Brien, T. 308Life after logging | ix Figure 9. Sundasciurus lowii, seen here feeding on Artocarpus fruits, is a common squirrel of undisturbed and disturbed lowland forests 78 Figure 10. Malay Civet (Viverra tangalunga), one of the Bornean civet species that are negatively affected by the effects of timber harvest 87 Figure 11. Limnonectes leporinus, a Bornean endemic generally found near large or medium-sized streams 101 Figure 12. Numbers of amphibians found in an unlogged area in Danum Valley, a area under reduced impact logging (RIL), and an area under conventional logging (CL) 102 Figure 13. Box-and-whiskers plot of logging tolerance in relation to species age 118 Figure 14. Discriminant analysis of 3 variables (number of small Sundaic islands on which species occurs (after Meijaard 2003b), number of species per genus, and number of subspecies per species) and their predictive value for the sensitivity of mammal species to logging 119 Figure 15. Box-and-whiskers plot of categories for tolerance to logging in relation to distribution on small islands 120 Figure 16. Box-and-whiskers plot of categories for tolerance to logging in relation to number of young per nest or litter 120 Figure 17. Column charts of sensitivity to logging in relation to distribution range 121 Figure 18. Column charts of sensitivity to logging in relat...

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Meat Eating and Hominid Evolution

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Fatty acid analysis of wild ruminant tissues: evolutionary implications for reducing diet-related chronic disease

Fatty acid analysis of wild ruminant tissues: evolutionary implications for reducing diet-related chronic disease

Bringing home the biggest bacon: a cross-site analysis of the structure of hunter-kill profiles in Neotropical forests

Life after logging: reconciling wildlife conservation and production forestry in Indonesian Borneo

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