Meat Consumption and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: Results from the Korean Population and a Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Kim, Jeongseon; Je, Youjin

doi:10.3390/nu10040390

Cited by 77 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…For example, there is a positive association between daily energy intake and skeletal muscle mass, and dietary intake is related to MetS in that the Western diet is associated with the development of MetS. Although traditional Korean meals contain high proportions of vegetables and carbohydrates with low proportions of fat, previous findings of the association between diet and MetS in this population have been inconclusive . Similar to the present results, Woo et al .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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Fat‐to‐muscle ratio as a predictor of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults

Seo

Song

2020

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Background The present study evaluated the associations of the fat‐to‐muscle ratio (FMR) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance (IR) in Korean adults using nationally representative survey data. Methods A two‐stage stratified sampling method was reflected in a cross‐sectional study involving a total of 13 032 participants aged ≥ 19 years who participated in the fourth and fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. The homeostasis model assessment for IR (HOMA‐IR) was used to evaluate IR and was calculated as follows: [fasting plasma glucose level (mg/dL) × fasting plasma insulin level (uIU/mL)]/405. MetS was defined using the 2006 International Diabetes Federation criteria, and FMR was measured using whole‐body dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and calculated as follows: total fat mass (kg) divided by total lean mass (kg). In addition, the optimal FMR cut‐off values for detecting MetS and the odds ratios (ORs) for MetS risk were determined according to the FMR quartile and sex. Results Among all participants, the proportion of women was 58.4%, and the mean age was 44.22 ± 0.26 years. The FMR significantly differed between men and women (0.30 ± 0.002 vs. 0.53 ± 0.003, respectively, P < 0.001), and the prevalence of MetS and IR gradually increased as FMR increased (P for trend: <0.001). The optimal FMR cut‐off value for detecting MetS was higher in women than in men (0.555 vs. 0.336, respectively). The negative predictive value was the highest in normal‐weight participants (0.9992 in women and 0.9986 in men), while the positive predictive value was the highest in obese participants (0.5994 in women and 0.5428 in men). Based on the derived cut‐off FMR, a high FMR was associated with poor outcomes in terms of cardiometabolic risk markers (P < 0.001). The multivariable‐adjusted ORs for MetS, abdominal obesity, and IR (HOMA‐IR ≥ 3) were 5.35 [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.39–6.52], 7.67 (95% CI: 6.33–9.30), and 3.25 (95% CI: 2.70–3.92), respectively, in men and 5.59 (95% CI: 4.66–6.72), 7.48 (95% CI: 6.35–8.82), and 2.55 (95% CI: 2.17–3.00), respectively, in women. Conclusions In the present study, a high FMR was significantly associated with the prevalence of MetS and IR. The present findings also showed that FMR can be a novel indicator for detecting the absence or presence of MetS, particularly in metabolically healthy normal‐weight individuals and metabolically obese obese‐weight individuals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…found a positive association between meat consumption and MetS but only in men; the sex difference may be related to the relatively low red meat consumption in women compared with men. Likewise, Kim et al . suggested that the relatively low consumption of red meat by Asians compared with Caucasians can explain these inconsistent results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat‐to‐muscle ratio as a predictor of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults

Seo

Song

2020

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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“…Our results also agree previous findings in which total, red, and processed meat consumption is positively associated with MetS [27], which could potentially increase the risk of chronic diseases, including T2DM, CVD, and several types of cancer [47]. Conversely, our lowest severity MetSSS participants tended to have a higher intake of white meat, like previous findings that showed an inverse association between white meat intake and MetS [28].…”

Section: Dietary Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Concretely, T3 participants showed lower carbohydrate and nut intake and moderate and vigorous LTPA, which is associated with higher risk of CVD [4,5,25]. Conversely, T3 showed higher intake of protein, SFA, TFA, cholesterol, as well as higher consumption of red and processed meat, and other oils different from olive oil and spirits compared with T1, resulting in an increased risk of several major chronic diseases [26,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Diet Quality are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Severity: The PREDIMED-Plus Study

Gallardo-Alfaro¹,

Bibiloni²,

Mascaró³

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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Healthy lifestyle factors, such as physical activity (PA) and Mediterranean diet (MD), decrease the likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to report main lifestyle components and related factors according to the MetS severity. Cross-sectional analysis was done of baseline lifestyle factors from 5739 participants with overweight/obesity and MetS features (aged 55-75 years) included in the PREDIMED-PLUS primary cardiovascular prevention randomized trial. Participants were categorized in tertiles according to a validated MetS severity score (MetSSS). Anthropometrics, visceral adiposity index, dietary nutrient intake, biochemical marker levels, as well as a Dietary Inflammatory Index and depression symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II) were measured. Diet quality was assessed using a 17-item energy-restricted MD questionnaire. Duration and intensity of PA was self-reported using the Minnesota-REGICOR Short Physical Activity Questionnaire. Sedentary behaviours were measured using the Spanish version of the Nurses' Health Study questionnaire. The 30 s chair stand test was also assessed. Participants with highest MetSSS showed higher values of cardiovascular risk factors (except for total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol), depression risk, sedentary and TV viewing time, and lower moderate and vigorous Nutrients 2020, 12, 1013 3 of 20 leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). Highest MetSSS participants tended to a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern and tended to lower MD adherence. In addition, they showed lower carbohydrate and nut intake and higher intake of protein, saturated and trans fatty acids, cholesterol, iodine, sodium, red and processed meat products, other oils different from olive oil and spirit alcoholic drinks. The highest MetS severity score was associated with lower moderate and vigorous LTPA and higher sedentary time and depression risk, as they tended to a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern and lower MD adherence.

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“…Excessive consumption of meat and animal products may be deleterious to human health (with meta-analytic evidence regarding cancer [1][2][3][4], cardiovascular disease [5][6][7], metabolic disease [8][9][10], obesity [11], stroke [12], and all-cause mortality [13], albeit sometimes subject to methodological limitations), promotes the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens [14], is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation [15], and contributes to market demand for industry practices that cause the preventable suffering of more than one billion animals in the USA annually [16]. Therefore, developing simple, effective interventions to reduce meat consumption could carry widespread societal benefits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing meat consumption by appealing to animal welfare: protocol for a meta-analysis and theoretical review

et al. 2020

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Background: Reducing meat consumption may improve human health, curb environmental damage and greenhouse gas emissions, and limit the large-scale suffering of animals raised in factory farms. Previous work has begun to develop interventions to reduce individual meat consumption, often by appealing directly to individual health motivations. However, research on nutritional behavior change suggests that interventions additionally linking behavior to ethical values, identity formation, and existing social movements may be particularly effective and longer-lasting. Regarding meat consumption, preliminary evidence and psychological theory suggest that appeals related to animal welfare may have considerable potential to effectively leverage these elements of human psychology. We aim to conduct a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis evaluating the effectiveness of animal welfare-related appeals on actual or intended meat consumption or purchasing. Our investigation will critically synthesize the current state of knowledge regarding psychological mechanisms of intervening on individual meat consumption and empirically identify the psychological characteristics underlying the most effective animal welfare-based interventions. Methods: We will systematically search eight academic databases and extensively search unpublished grey literature. We will include studies that assess interventions intended to reduce meat consumption or purchase through the mention or portrayal of animal welfare, that measure outcomes related to meat consumption or purchase, and that have a control condition. Eligible studies may recruit from any human population, be written in any language, and be published or released any time. We will meta-analyze the studies, reporting the pooled point estimate and additional metrics that describe the distribution of potentially heterogeneous effects. We will assess studies' risk of bias and conduct sensitivity analyses for publication bias. We describe possible follow-up analyses to investigate hypothesized moderators of intervention effectiveness. Discussion: The findings of the proposed systematic review and meta-analysis, including any identified methodological limitations of the existing literature, could inform the design of successful evidence-based interventions with broad potential to improve human, animal, and environmental well-being.

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Meat Consumption and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: Results from the Korean Population and a Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Cited by 77 publications

References 47 publications

Fat‐to‐muscle ratio as a predictor of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults

Fat‐to‐muscle ratio as a predictor of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults

Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Diet Quality are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Severity: The PREDIMED-Plus Study

Reducing meat consumption by appealing to animal welfare: protocol for a meta-analysis and theoretical review

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