Measuring Visual Fatigue and Cognitive Load via Eye Tracking while Learning with Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Displays: A Review

Souchet, Alexis D.; Philippe, Stéphanie; Lourdeaux, Domitile; Leroy, Laure

doi:10.1080/10447318.2021.1976509

Cited by 85 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 185 publications

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“…However, Milleville-Pennel and Charron (2015), also using a driving simulator, found conflicting results that showed mental workload had a very low impact on sickness. Souchet et al (2021) conducted a literature review of papers related to VR and cognitive load and suggest that cognitive load can be affected by cybersickness, but they do not suggest a specific relationship. Wei et al, 2018 showed that participants who were less susceptible to visually-induced motion sickness (VIMS, which includes cybersickness and simulator sickness) performed better at a task and posited the reallocation of attention during vection (i.e., perceived illusory self-motion) as a possible explanation.…”

Section: Tasks Workload and Cybersicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of task workload on cybersickness

Sepich

Jasper

Fieffer

et al. 2022

Front. Virtual Real.

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This study explored the impact of task workload on virtual reality (VR) cybersickness. Cybersickness is a negative side effect of using VR to which many users are susceptible. Previous research on the impact on task workload on cybersickness has yielded no consistent relationships, but given that task workload requires attentional resources, it is worth further investigation of how a demand on attention might increase or decrease cybersickness. In this study, mental workload of participants (N = 151) was modified in three different task groups within the same virtual environment (VE). The Cybersickness Corn Maze VR testbed contained cybersickness-inducing stimuli and tasks with varying workload. The 0-Back group used a controller to select an object as a visual attention task. The 2-Back group performed the 2-Back memory detection task, using a controller to collect objects that matched the object presented two objects ago. The No-Task group passively moved through the environment and was not given a controller. Workload, cybersickness, dropout rate, presence, and task accuracy were compared across groups. Workload was found to be statistically significantly different in each group: highest in the 2-Back group, medium in the 0-Back group, and lowest in the No-Task group, validating the task design. Cybersickness in the 2-Back group was significantly higher than in the No-Task (140% higher) and 0-Back (54% higher) groups measured by the change in simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ) total severity (Post SSQ - Pre SSQ). The rate of participants’ dropout due to cybersickness was significantly higher in 2-back (33%) as compared with 0-Back (10%), but 0-Back and No-Task dropout rates were not significantly different. These results indicate that 1) task workload affects cybersickness and 2) its effect could be based on a threshold of workload. Presence increased with the addition of a task but plateaued between the 0-Back and 2-Back groups, suggesting that presence can be affected by task workload but only to a certain extent. Task accuracy was shown to negatively correlate with cybersickness within the task groups. A relationship between workload and cybersickness was found and warrants further research into these concepts. This work highlights the need for task workload and attention to be studied as components of the mechanisms underlying cybersickness.

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Section: Tasks Workload and Cybersicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of task workload on cybersickness

Sepich

Jasper

Fieffer

et al. 2022

Front. Virtual Real.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are caveats regarding the use of the virtual kiosk test. First, although no participants in our study complained of cybersickness during the test, poorly designed VR content could induce cybersickness, a source of additional technostress ( Souchet, Philippe, Lourdeaux, & Leroy, 2022 ). The three major factors of cybersickness are hardware, content, and human factors (see Chang, Kim, & Yoo, 2020 , for a review).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Technostress causes cognitive overload in high-stress people: Eye tracking analysis in a virtual kiosk test

Kim

Park²,

Kim³

et al. 2022

Information Processing & Management

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“…The participant also states about eye fatigue indication after using VR in long usage scenarios with HMD. The participant comments are relevant to the existing studies which point to substantial limitations of VR in long-term use outside of eye exercise activities [28], [29]. The most interesting and unique insight of our evaluation is that participants in general state that the proposed app's intuitive presentation makes them…”

Section: Eye Performance Evaluation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Virtual reality eye exercises application based on bates method: a preliminary study

Brata

Az-Zahra

Brata

et al. 2023

IJEECS

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In many situations, ophthalmologists prescribe glasses and contact lenses as a treatment method for Myopia. The other way to cure myopia is by performing Lasik surgery or using advanced tools which takes a large amount of financial effort. Dr. William Horatio Bates proposed a promising method to cure myopia with an eye exercise approach, providing opportunities to enhance the availability of low-cost eye treatment that is not easily achievable with surgery and other expensive approaches. However, many myopia patients are still unaware of this method and have no idea how to use it in their daily lives. The rapid growth of virtual reality (VR) technology has shown that this technology offers an affordable and effective solution to provide better health services. This paper expands the result of an initial experiment aimed to validate the utilization of mobile VR technology to enhance the possibility of the Bates method implementation as a low-cost daily eye exercise tool. A direct diary study with 14 participants was carried out to explicitly investigate the feasibility of the proposed app. The result reveals that the proposed app could assist people with myopia when doing eye exercises and the result is quite promising in reducing the refractive levels with 0.13 diopter on average within 5 weeks period.

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Measuring Visual Fatigue and Cognitive Load via Eye Tracking while Learning with Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Displays: A Review

Cited by 85 publications

References 185 publications

The impact of task workload on cybersickness

The impact of task workload on cybersickness

Technostress causes cognitive overload in high-stress people: Eye tracking analysis in a virtual kiosk test

Virtual reality eye exercises application based on bates method: a preliminary study

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