“…The values relate to the major roles in life, such as marriage, parenting, work, leisure, and consumption (Kahle, Beatty, & Homer, 1986) and consist of eight items: sense of belonging, warm relationships with others, selffulfillment, being well respected, fun and enjoyment of life, security, self-respect, and a sense of accomplishment. The scoring system used here was selected from a number of alternatives (Kahle & Kennedy, 1988;Kennedy, Best, & Kahle, 1988;Lee, Soutar, & Louviere, 2007) and required respondents to rate each value on a 9-point scale of importance.…”