Measuring the skin

Multimodal epidermal devices for hydration monitoring

“…These results also suggest a monotonic increase in k with x. The non-linear rate of increase illustrated in the computations of Figure 3d is consistent with previous experimental findings 15,21,22,35,42 , but a linear approximation is frequently invoked for the range of clinically relevant hydration levels. For example, in the linear fit shown in Figure 2c (red line), R 2 = 0.97 and the measured values of k are within 3% of linearly fitted values.…”

“…The thermal 21,22 and electrical properties 23 of skin both depend strongly on water content, but for different reasons. Consequently, devices that offer, in a single platform, capabilities for measuring both the thermal and the electrical characteristics of the skin provide improved insights into the state of hydration.…”

Influence of Array Interspacing on the Force Required for Successful Microneedle Skin Penetration: Theoretical and Practical Approaches

“…It is known that the mechanical properties of skin vary with respect to different factors such as anatomical region, age, gender and individual phenotype (Escoffier et al, 1988;Cua et al, 1990;Agache et al, 2004;Gambichler et al, 2006). revealed that the Young modulus for stratum corneum of porcine skin was dependent upon the moisture content of the skin, ranging from 26 -120 MPa, for wet and dry skin, respectively.…”

Particulate lubricants in cosmetic applications

“…The Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of unmodified Sylgard 184 has been reported to be 2.2 MPa [18] and 0.49 [19] respectively which lies within the range of reported elasticity for human skin of 1-4 MPa. [20] Using a Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) technique [21] the Young's modulus of all PDMS samples used was found to be 2.7 MPa with a loss tangent, tan δ, of 0.11 for the test conditions employed. The specific surface energy of adhesion, Δγ, between glass and PDMS was found to be 0.0356 J/m 2 .…”