Measuring the pH of platelet concentrates

Ringwald, Juergen; Zimmermann, Robert; Strasser, Erwin; Weiss, Dominik R.; Eckstein, Reinhold

doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00811.x

Cited by 32 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The numbers approximately agree for the 1 eV and 10 keV photons with the numbers of reference [15,16]. The interaction volume (2πc/ω) 3 is much larger than the volume with the electron Compton wavelength λ 3 e and we mostly have multi-photon tunneling processes and the estimate that we approximately produce just one e + e − pair is derived in references [15,16].…”

Section: Nonlinear Qed Contributions In Nγsupporting

confidence: 64%

Vision of a fully laser-driven ${\sf n\gamma}{-}{\sf m\gamma}$ collider

et al. 2009

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Abstract. The use is suggested of a laser-accelerated dense electron sheet with an energy of (E =γmc 2 ) as a relativistic mirror to reflect coherently a second laser with photon energy ω, generating by the Doppler boost high-energy γ photons with ω = 4γ2 ω and short duration [A. Einstein, Annalen der Physik 17, 891 (1905); D. Habs et al., Appl. Phys. B 93, 349 (2008)]. Two of these counter-propagating γ beams are focused by the parabolically shaped electron sheets into the interaction region with small, close to diffraction-limited, spot size. Comparing the new nγ−mγ collider with former proposed γγ collider schemes we achieve the conversion of many photon-pairs in a small space-time volume to matter-antimatter particles, while in the other discussed setups only two isolated, much more high-energetic photons will be converted, reaching in the new approach much higher energy densities and temperatures. With a γ-field strength somewhat below the Schwinger limit we can reach this complete conversion of the γ bunch energy into e + e − or quark-antiquark qq-plasmas. , 2006)] the strong induced transition into this coherent state is of special interest for single-cycle γ pulses. Due to annihilation these cold coherent states are very short-lived. For γ beams with photon energies of 1-10 keV the rather cold e + e − -plasma or e + e − -BEC expands to a cold dense aggregate of positronium (Ps) atoms, where the production of Ps molecules is discussed. For photon energies of 1-10 MeV we discuss the production of a cold induced π 0 -BEC followed by the formation of molecules. For the direct population of higher qq densities we can study condensates of color-neutral mesons with enhanced population. For a γγ collider with several-cycle laser pulses the following cycles heat up the fermion-antifermion ff system to a certain temperature. Thus we can reach high energy densities and temperatures of an e + e − γ plasma, where the production of hadrons in general or the quark-gluon phase transition can be observed. Within the long-term goal of very high photon energies of about 1 GeV in the nγ−mγ-collider, even the electro-weak phase transition or SUSY phase transition could be reached.PACS. 42.55.Vc X-and gamma-ray lasers -29.27.-a Beams in particle accelerators -41.75.Jv Laser-driven acceleration -41.75.Ht Relativistic electron and positron beams

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Section: Nonlinear Qed Contributions In Nγsupporting

confidence: 64%

Vision of a fully laser-driven ${\sf n\gamma}{-}{\sf m\gamma}$ collider

et al. 2009

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“…In general, spatial compression of a pulse tends to give a higher threshold for pair creation [61,62], whereas compression in time tends to lower the threshold. Several studies of time-varying fields have been performed suggesting that pair creation could in principle be detected in experiments with field strengths 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than the Sauter-Schwinger limit [12,13,63,64,65]. Some authors [66] have even suggested a yet lower threshold.…”

Section: Pair Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum vacuum experiments using high intensity lasers

2009

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The quantum vacuum constitutes a fascinating medium of study, in particular since near-future laser facilities will be able to probe the nonlinear nature of this vacuum. There has been a large number of proposed tests of the low-energy, high intensity regime of quantum electrodynamics (QED) where the nonlinear aspects of the electromagnetic vacuum come into play, and we will here give a short description of some of these. Such studies can shed light, not only on the validity of QED, but also on certain aspects of nonperturbative effects, and thus also give insights for quantum field theories in general.

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“…Since Sauter's resolution of Klein's paradox it has been known that the vacuum is unstable to pair production in the presence of a homogeneous electric field exceeding the critical value E S = m 2 /e 1.3 × 10 18 V/m, when the energy acquired by an electron traversing a Compton wavelength equals its rest mass [1,2]. The view that the critical field was too large to ever be produced in a laboratory has recently been challenged with the advent of ultra-high power lasers capable of reaching E ∼ 10 −2 E S [3,4]. With plasma tools such as high-harmonic focussing [5] the Sauter-Schwinger limit may come within reach during the next decade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite size effects in stimulated laser pair production

2010

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We consider stimulated pair production employing strong-field QED in a high-intensity laser background. In an infinite plane wave, we show that light-cone quasi-momentum can only be transferred to the created pair as a multiple of the laser frequency, i.e.\ by a higher harmonic. This translates into discrete resonance conditions providing the support of the pair creation probability which becomes a delta-comb. These findings corroborate the usual interpretation of multi-photon production of pairs with an effective mass. In a pulse, the momentum transfer is continuous, leading to broadening of the resonances and sub-threshold behaviour. The peaks remain visible as long as the number of cycles per pulse exceeds unity. The resonance patterns in pulses are analogous to those of a diffraction process based on interference of the produced pairs.Comment: 7 pages, 7 EPS figures. Version 2 contains additional examples using smooth pulse envelopes. Conclusions unchange

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Measuring the pH of platelet concentrates

Cited by 32 publications

References 5 publications

Vision of a fully laser-driven ${\sf n\gamma}{-}{\sf m\gamma}$ collider

Vision of a fully laser-driven ${\sf n\gamma}{-}{\sf m\gamma}$ collider

Quantum vacuum experiments using high intensity lasers

Finite size effects in stimulated laser pair production

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