Measuring the particle size of a known distribution using the focused beam reflectance measurement technique

Monitoring of Antisolvent Crystallization of Sodium Scutellarein by Combined FBRM–PVM–NIR

“…Digital images in the area of 826 × 619 :m 2 can be recorded through six lasers in the PVM device, illuminating a small area in front of the probe window. 34 PVM validated FBRM results by linking time points with particles' size and shape information. In the article, FBRM and PVM were being used as the process monitoring tools.…”

Quality-by-Design: An Integrated Process Analytical Technology Approach to Determine the Nucleation and Growth Mechanisms During a Dynamic Pharmaceutical Coprecipitation Process

“…Therefore, research has been conducted on at-line, in-line, and online measuring techniques, such as imaging technique, 33 FBRM, and PVM. [34][35][36][37][38][39] Focused beam reflectance measurement and PVM offer some unique features for particulate system real-time process monitoring. First of all, no sampling, dilution, separation, or isolation is required thus avoiding possible changes in particle size and distribution due to breakage or agglomeration.…”

Review on Measurement Techniques for Drop Size Distribution in a Stirred Vessel

“…In a study of hydrate formation from water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion, FBRM can successfully identify system changes, through detection, for example, of hydrate and ice nucleation, and could distinguish the extent of ice and hydrate agglomeration. 26 2.1.1.1(b). Optical Reflectance Measurement.…”

“…Thus, the chord length of the scanned particles is determined as the product of reflectance time and the velocity of the laser scan (2−16 m/ s). 26 In other words, chord length is a straight line connecting two points on the edge of a particle. The measurements of CLD is adequate for monitoring process dynamic changes related to particle count, distribution, shape, concentration, and rheological behavior.…”

“…The droplet size measured by PVM was vastly undersized by FBRM. 26,40 On the basis of comparisons between light scattering techniques (FBRM and ORM) and image analysis technique (endoscope) conducted by Maaß et al, 11 they reported that the main advantage of a laser system compared to image analysis techniques is a high number of particle counts per time unit for the laser system. It could analyze several thousand drops in a short time compared to only a few hundreds of drops for image analysis techniques.…”