Measuring the Newtonian constant of gravitation
            <i>G</i>
            with an atomic interferometer

Prevedelli, M.; Cacciapuoti, L.; Rosi, G.; Sorrentino, F.; Tino, G. M.

doi:10.1098/rsta.2014.0030

Cited by 41 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Atom interferometers can also be used in principle for measuring the gravitational attraction of nearby masses [6], and for tests of deviations from Newton's inverse square law of gravitation [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In addition atom interferometers can be used as a surface probe for electromagnetic forces [14] such as Casimir-Polder forces [15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing short range forces with a nanosphere matter-wave interferometer

Geraci

Goldman

2015

Phys. Rev. D

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We describe a method for sensing short range forces using matter wave interference in dielectric nanospheres. When compared with atom interferometers, the larger mass of the nanosphere results in reduced wave packet expansion, enabling investigations of forces nearer to surfaces in a freefall interferometer. By laser cooling a nanosphere to the ground state of an optical potential and releasing it by turning off the optical trap, acceleration sensing at the 10 −8 m/s 2 level is possible. The approach can yield improved sensitivity to Yukawa-type deviations from Newtonian gravity at the 5 µm length scale by a factor of 10 4 over current limits.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing short range forces with a nanosphere matter-wave interferometer

Geraci

Goldman

2015

Phys. Rev. D

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“…Formula (1) is equivalent to that in [7][8][9][10][11] considering the different definition of T we used. In this paper, T lasts from the beginning of the first pulse to the middle of the second pulse ( see FIG.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…2). The authors of [1] use a perturbation treatment of Feynman path integration [11,22] in the experiment. Comparing with the phase shift…”

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confidence: 99%

Raman-pulse-duration effect in gravity gradiometers composed of two atom interferometers

et al. 2015

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We investigated the Raman pulse duration effect in a gravity gradiometer with two atom interferometers.Since the two atom clouds in the gradiometer experience different gravitational fields, it is hard to compensate the Doppler shifts of the two clouds simultaneously by chirping the frequency of a common Raman laser, which leads to an appreciable phase shift. When applied to an experiment measuring the Newtonian gravitational constant G , the effect contributes to a systematic offset as large as -49ppm in Nature 510, 518 (2014). Thus an underestimated value of G measured by atom interferometers can be partly explained due to this effect.

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“…From the measurement of the clouds' separation, d = (0.3098 ± 0.0002) m, it is possible to evaluate the average gravity gradients γ 1,2 = ϕ 1,2 /(dk eff T 2 ), obtaining [38], which accounts for the source masses and additional contributions in the immediate vicinity of the atomic clouds.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3,16,38] by alternating the source masses position. An extensive evaluation of the systematic error sources that are affecting the measurement is beyond the scope of this work.…”

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confidence: 99%

Measurement of the Gravity-Field Curvature by Atom Interferometry

et al. 2015

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We present the first direct measurement of the gravity-field curvature based on three conjugated atom interferometers. Three atomic clouds launched in the vertical direction are simultaneously interrogated by the same atom interferometry sequence and used to probe the gravity field at three equally spaced positions. The vertical component of the gravity-field curvature generated by nearby source masses is measured from the difference between adjacent gravity gradient values. Curvature measurements are of interest in geodesy studies and for the validation of gravitational models of the surrounding environment. The possibility of using such a scheme for a new determination of the Newtonian constant of gravity is also discussed.In the last two decades, atom interferometry [1] has profoundly changed precision inertial sensing, leading to major advances in metrology and fundamental and applied physics. The outstanding stability and accuracy levels [2,3] combined with the possibility of easily implementing new measurement schemes [4][5][6][7] are the main reasons for the rapid progress of these instruments. Matter-wave interferometry has been successfully used to measure local gravity [8], gravity gradient [9-11], the Sagnac effect [12], the Newtonian gravitational constant [13][14][15][16], the fine structure constant [17], and for tests of general relativity [18,19]. Accelerometers based on atom interferometry have been developed for many practical applications including geodesy, geophysics, engineering prospecting, and inertial navigation [20][21][22]. Instruments for space-based research are being conceived for different applications ranging from weak equivalence principle tests and gravitational-wave detection to geodesy [23,24].One of the most attractive features of atom interferometry sensors is the ability to perform differential acceleration measurements by simultaneously interrogating two separated atomic clouds with high rejection of common-mode vibration noise, as demonstrated in gravity gradiometry applications [3,9]. In principle, such a scheme can be extended to an arbitrary number of samples, thus, providing a measurement of higher-order spatial derivatives of the gravity field. Geophysical models of the Earth's interior rely on the inversion of gravity and gravity gradient data collected at or above the surface [25]. The solution to this problem, which is, in general, not unique, leads to images of the subsurface mass distribution over different scale lengths [26]. In this context,

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Measuring the Newtonian constant of gravitation G with an atomic interferometer

Cited by 41 publications

References 33 publications

Sensing short range forces with a nanosphere matter-wave interferometer

Sensing short range forces with a nanosphere matter-wave interferometer

Raman-pulse-duration effect in gravity gradiometers composed of two atom interferometers

Measurement of the Gravity-Field Curvature by Atom Interferometry

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