Measuring the in situ Erosion Shear Stress of Intertidal Sediments with the Cohesive Strength Meter (CSM)

Tolhurst, T.J.; Black, K. S.; Shayler, S.A.; Mather, S.; Black, Iain S.; Baker, Kristine; Paterson, David M.

doi:10.1006/ecss.1999.0512

Cited by 201 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Instruments such as the Cohesive Strength Meter (Tolhurst et al, 1999) appear to offer advantages over conventional jet-testing devices. The CSM is similar to these in that water jets of increasing strength are directed at the target surface.…”

Section: Erodibility Of Bank Sedimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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9 Modelling river-bank-erosion processes and mass failure mechanisms: progress towards fully coupled simulations

Rinaldi¹,

Darby²

2007

Developments in Earth Surface Processes

125

118

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This paper reviews recent developments in modelling the two main sets of bankerosion processes and mechanisms, namely fluvial erosion and mass failure, before suggesting an avenue for research to make further progress in the future. Our review of mass failure mechanisms reveals that the traditional use of limit equilibrium methods to analyse bank stability has in recent years been supplemented by research that has made progress in understanding and modelling the role of positive and negative pore water pressures, confining river pressures, and hydrograph characteristics. While understanding of both fluvial erosion and mass failure processes has improved in recent years, we identify a key limitation in that few studies have examined the nature of the interaction between these processes. We argue that such interactions are likely to be important in gravel-bed rivers and present new simulations in which fluvial erosion, pore water pressure, and limit equilibrium stability models are combined into a fully coupled analysis. The results suggest that existing conceptual models, which describe how bank materials are delivered to the fluvial sediment transfer system, may need to be revised to account for the unforeseen effects introduced by feedback between the interacting processes.

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Section: Erodibility Of Bank Sedimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tests are both automated and rapid (o3 min) so the device can easily be used to obtain large numbers of samples. So far it has only been deployed in estuarine environments (Tolhurst et al, 1999), but the CSM appears to offer a potentially fruitful avenue of bank-erosion research.…”

Section: Erodibility Of Bank Sedimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

9 Modelling river-bank-erosion processes and mass failure mechanisms: progress towards fully coupled simulations

Rinaldi¹,

Darby²

2007

Developments in Earth Surface Processes

125

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…fluid lift) forces overcome the forces keeping a particle in contact with the bed (Wiberg & Smith 1987). The stress on the bed required to induce motion is the critical erosion shear stress, which is denoted τ crit (Einstein 1950, Partheniades 1962, Amos et al 1992, Tolhurst et al 1999). There have been many investigations of the erosion of non-cohesive (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erodibility of aquaculture waste from different bottom substrates

Law¹,

Hill²,

Milligan³

et al. 2016

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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A laboratory study was carried out to examine the effect of bed sediment texture on the erodibility of salmon aquaculture waste fecal material and salmon feed pellets. Erodibility measurements of this material were made using a Gust microcosm erosion chamber and artificially composed substrates of mud, sand, sand and gravel, sand and cobble, and cobble. Results show that cumulative mass eroded (CME) and erodibility constant (M) can vary by up to an order of magnitude depending on substrate composition, with a mud substrate having higher CME and M values than those of substrates composed of sand, gravel and cobble. Findings from this study suggest that bottom sediment texture plays a major role in aquaculture waste resuspension and subsequent transport and that predictive models of the transport of aquaculture waste should include the erosion dynamics of bottom texture.

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“…For example, progress in quantifying fluvial erosion (i.e., the removal of bank material by the action of hydraulic forces) has included the development and application of specific techniques for measuring in situ the erodibility parameters of the bank sediments [Tolhurst et al, 1999;Hanson and Simon, 2001;Wynn and Mostaghimi, 2006;Clark and Wynn, 2007], as well as methods to model the near-bank flow field using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and other techniques [Darby et al, 2004;Smith, 2006a, 2006b;McBride et al, 2007;Julian and Torres, 2006;Papanicolaou et al, 2007]. With respect to mass failure, recent studies have focused on two main topics:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of hydrodynamics and bank erosion in a river bend

Rinaldi

Mengoni²,

Luppi

et al. 2008

Water Resources Research

198

141

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[1] We present an integrated analysis of bank erosion in a high-curvature bend of the gravel bed Cecina River (central Italy). Our analysis combines a model of fluvial bank erosion with groundwater flow and bank stability analyses to account for the influence of hydraulic erosion on mass failure processes, the key novel aspect being that the fluvial erosion model is parameterized using outputs from detailed hydrodynamic simulations. The results identify two mechanisms that explain how most bank retreat usually occurs after, rather than during, flood peaks. First, in the high curvature bend investigated here the maximum flow velocity core migrates away from the outer bank as flow discharge increases, reducing sidewall boundary shear stress and fluvial erosion at peak flow stages. Second, bank failure episodes are triggered by combinations of pore water and hydrostatic confining pressures induced in the period between the drawdown and rising phases of multipeaked flow events.

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Measuring the in situ Erosion Shear Stress of Intertidal Sediments with the Cohesive Strength Meter (CSM)

Cited by 201 publications

References 18 publications

9 Modelling river-bank-erosion processes and mass failure mechanisms: progress towards fully coupled simulations

9 Modelling river-bank-erosion processes and mass failure mechanisms: progress towards fully coupled simulations

Erodibility of aquaculture waste from different bottom substrates

Numerical simulation of hydrodynamics and bank erosion in a river bend

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